Activity Disease in SLE Patients Affected IFN-γ in the IGRA Results

PURPOSE: Highly active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) causes a high risk of tuberculosis (TB) infection in SLE patients in Indonesia, a country in which the disease, especially extrapulmonary TB, is endemic. Interferon (IFN)-γ releasing assay (IGRA) can detect latent or previous TB infection. This study sought to determine latent TB infection and levels of IFN-γ, a key player in various inflammation and autoimmune disease, in patients with SLE and relate findings to disease activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This experimental study included 79 female subjects distributed into three groups of active SLE, quiescent SLE and healthy controls. We used SLE Disease Activity Index–2000 (SLEDAI-2K) scores to stratify the subjects. Each group underwent IGRA testing using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus kit. RESULTS: We recruited 59 female patients with SLE. The patients had a median age and disease duration 30 and 5 years, respectively. Statistical analysis using the Kruskal–Wallis test showed that active condition, high SLEDAI-2K score and immunosuppressive therapies affect IGRA results. Specifically, healthy controls (n=20) were most likely to have negative IGRA results (67.09%), whilst 27.27% of active cases (n=33) and 3.85% of quiescent cases (n=26) had indeterminate results (p=0.02). The number of immunosuppressant therapies was significantly negatively correlated with IFN-γ (p=0.004). No difference in IFN-γ concentration was detected amongst the active and other groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: High-activity SLE and immunosuppressive therapies cause dysregulation of the immune response, which, in turn, influences IGRA results. Thus, additional testing is necessary to detect TB infection in patients with SLE.