Clinical and genetic analysis of lipoprotein glomerulopathy patients caused by APOE mutations

BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein glomerulopathy (LPG) is a rare kidney disease caused by APOE mutations. The aim of this study was to correlate the genetic and clinical features of LPG. METHODS: Totally eight LPG patients were recruited in this study and Sanger sequencing of APOE was performed for all available family members. Clinical and histological features were analyzed. A literature review of LPG was also conducted. RESULTS: Genetic analysis revealed five patients with APOE‐Kyoto, two with APOE‐Osaka/Kurashiki, and one with APOE‐Chicago mutations. LPG patients with urine protein reduced more than 50% had a slower decrease in renal function than those with less urine protein reduction (estimated glomerular filtration rate reduction rate −5.0 ± 0.8 vs. 1.5 ± 0.7 ml/min per 1.73 m(2)⋅month(−1), p = .03). We then enrolled 95 LPG patients from previous studies and this study. LPG patients had higher blood pressure (mean arterial pressure: 109.4 ± 19.4 vs. 94.4 ± 11.1 mmHg, p < .001) than the control group. Interestingly, patients with APOE mutations in the LDL receptor binding region had higher serum apolipoprotein E (apoE) levels [ln(apoE): 2.7 ± 0.4 vs. 2.0 ± 0.5 mg/dl, p < .001] in comparison to other domains. CONCLUSION: Here, we report for the first time APOE‐Osaka/Kurashiki and APOE‐Chicago mutations in the Chinese population. LPG was associated with higher blood pressure and serum apoE levels were higher in patients with mutations in LDL receptor binding region. In addition, the findings further indicated that treatment of proteinuria might slow down renal function progression in these patients.