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Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles

This study experimentally investigates the field-dependent Young’s moduli of soft composites, which are fabricated from two different magnetic-responsive materials; magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and magnetorheological fluid (MRF). Four factors are selected as the main factors affecting Young’s...

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Autores principales: Yoon, Ji-Young, Hong, Seong-Woo, Park, Yu-Jin, Kim, Seong-Hwan, Kim, Gi-Woo, Choi, Seung-Bok
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7436183/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751548
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153378
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author Yoon, Ji-Young
Hong, Seong-Woo
Park, Yu-Jin
Kim, Seong-Hwan
Kim, Gi-Woo
Choi, Seung-Bok
author_facet Yoon, Ji-Young
Hong, Seong-Woo
Park, Yu-Jin
Kim, Seong-Hwan
Kim, Gi-Woo
Choi, Seung-Bok
author_sort Yoon, Ji-Young
collection PubMed
description This study experimentally investigates the field-dependent Young’s moduli of soft composites, which are fabricated from two different magnetic-responsive materials; magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and magnetorheological fluid (MRF). Four factors are selected as the main factors affecting Young’s modulus of soft composites: the amount of MRF, the channel pattern, shore hardness and carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentration of the MRE layer. Five specimens are manufactured to meet the investigation of four factors. Prior to testing, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image is taken to check the uniform dispersion of the carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentration of the MRE layer, and a magnetic circuit is constructed to generate the effective magnetic field to the specimen fixed at the universal tensile test machine. The force–displacement curve is directly measured from the machine and converted to the stress–strain relationship. Thereafter, the Young’s modulus is determined from this curve by performing linear regression analysis with respect to the considered factors. The tunability of the Young’s moduli of the specimens is calculated based on the experimental results in terms of two performance indicators: the relative percentage difference of Young’s modulus according to the magnetic field, and the normalized index independent of the zero-field modulus. In the case of the relative percentage difference, the specimens without MRF are the smallest, and the ones with the highest CIP concentration are the largest. As a result of comparing the normalized index of each factor, the change in shore hardness and channel pattern have little effect on the tunability of Young’s moduli, and the amount of MRF injected and CIP concentration of MRE have a large effect. The results of this study are expected to provide basic guidelines for fabricating soft composites whose field-dependent Young’s moduli can be tuned by several factors with different effects.
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spelling pubmed-74361832020-08-24 Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles Yoon, Ji-Young Hong, Seong-Woo Park, Yu-Jin Kim, Seong-Hwan Kim, Gi-Woo Choi, Seung-Bok Materials (Basel) Article This study experimentally investigates the field-dependent Young’s moduli of soft composites, which are fabricated from two different magnetic-responsive materials; magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) and magnetorheological fluid (MRF). Four factors are selected as the main factors affecting Young’s modulus of soft composites: the amount of MRF, the channel pattern, shore hardness and carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentration of the MRE layer. Five specimens are manufactured to meet the investigation of four factors. Prior to testing, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image is taken to check the uniform dispersion of the carbonyl iron particle (CIP) concentration of the MRE layer, and a magnetic circuit is constructed to generate the effective magnetic field to the specimen fixed at the universal tensile test machine. The force–displacement curve is directly measured from the machine and converted to the stress–strain relationship. Thereafter, the Young’s modulus is determined from this curve by performing linear regression analysis with respect to the considered factors. The tunability of the Young’s moduli of the specimens is calculated based on the experimental results in terms of two performance indicators: the relative percentage difference of Young’s modulus according to the magnetic field, and the normalized index independent of the zero-field modulus. In the case of the relative percentage difference, the specimens without MRF are the smallest, and the ones with the highest CIP concentration are the largest. As a result of comparing the normalized index of each factor, the change in shore hardness and channel pattern have little effect on the tunability of Young’s moduli, and the amount of MRF injected and CIP concentration of MRE have a large effect. The results of this study are expected to provide basic guidelines for fabricating soft composites whose field-dependent Young’s moduli can be tuned by several factors with different effects. MDPI 2020-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC7436183/ /pubmed/32751548 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153378 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Yoon, Ji-Young
Hong, Seong-Woo
Park, Yu-Jin
Kim, Seong-Hwan
Kim, Gi-Woo
Choi, Seung-Bok
Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles
title Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles
title_full Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles
title_fullStr Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles
title_full_unstemmed Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles
title_short Tunable Young’s Moduli of Soft Composites Fabricated from Magnetorheological Materials Containing Microsized Iron Particles
title_sort tunable young’s moduli of soft composites fabricated from magnetorheological materials containing microsized iron particles
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7436183/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751548
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153378
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