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Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite

This research aimed at exploring the effects of a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activators in a sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA)-based geopolymer cement paste. Bagasse ash replacement was 20% of cement by weight. The mixture of NaOH and KOH comprised 4, 8, and 12 M so...

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Autores principales: Rehman, Sardar Kashif Ur, Imtiaz, Lahiba, Aslam, Fahid, Khan, Muhammad Khizar, Haseeb, Muhammad, Javed, Muhammad Faisal, Alyousef, Rayed, Alabduljabbar, Hisham
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7436184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759859
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153437
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author Rehman, Sardar Kashif Ur
Imtiaz, Lahiba
Aslam, Fahid
Khan, Muhammad Khizar
Haseeb, Muhammad
Javed, Muhammad Faisal
Alyousef, Rayed
Alabduljabbar, Hisham
author_facet Rehman, Sardar Kashif Ur
Imtiaz, Lahiba
Aslam, Fahid
Khan, Muhammad Khizar
Haseeb, Muhammad
Javed, Muhammad Faisal
Alyousef, Rayed
Alabduljabbar, Hisham
author_sort Rehman, Sardar Kashif Ur
collection PubMed
description This research aimed at exploring the effects of a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activators in a sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA)-based geopolymer cement paste. Bagasse ash replacement was 20% of cement by weight. The mixture of NaOH and KOH comprised 4, 8, and 12 M solutions with mixing percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% for all possible combinations. A pH test was performed on each possible combination of solutions. A Chapelle’s test, XRD, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and SEM analysis were used to check whether the SCBA exhibited pozzolanic reactivity. Subsequently, the SCBA geopolymer cement paste was tested for compressive strength, water absorption, permeable porosity, and sorptivity. It was estimated that the geopolymer cement paste exhibited higher absorption and sorptivity values than control mixtures when molarity increased. However, the samples prepared with combinations of the 8 M activator solution exhibited consistent absorption, sorptivity, and compressive strength values when compared to the control and other geopolymer mixtures with 4 and 12 M activator solutions. Thus, the two activator solutions G8N(40)8K(60) and G8N(20)8K(80)—where GxN(a)yK(b) represents the geopolymer concrete sample prepared by adding solutions of two bases, i.e., ‘xN(a)yK(b)’ showing an ‘a’ percentage of ‘x’ molar NaOH and a ‘b’ percentage of ‘y’ molar KOH—were obtained as the optimum molar ratio of the activator in geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer cement pastes, along with the optimum and control samples, were further tested for concrete durability, SEM, and TGA tests. The G8N(20)8K(80) sample exhibited a better mechanical and durability performance than the G8N(40)8K(60) sample. The durability performance of the geopolymer concrete was also superior to ordinary concrete. Moreover, the geopolymer concrete achieved a 21% reduction in global warming potential compared to the control mixture. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of SCBA in geopolymer concrete can address the ash disposal and CO(2) emission problems with enhanced durability.
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spelling pubmed-74361842020-08-24 Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite Rehman, Sardar Kashif Ur Imtiaz, Lahiba Aslam, Fahid Khan, Muhammad Khizar Haseeb, Muhammad Javed, Muhammad Faisal Alyousef, Rayed Alabduljabbar, Hisham Materials (Basel) Article This research aimed at exploring the effects of a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH) activators in a sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA)-based geopolymer cement paste. Bagasse ash replacement was 20% of cement by weight. The mixture of NaOH and KOH comprised 4, 8, and 12 M solutions with mixing percentages of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% for all possible combinations. A pH test was performed on each possible combination of solutions. A Chapelle’s test, XRD, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and SEM analysis were used to check whether the SCBA exhibited pozzolanic reactivity. Subsequently, the SCBA geopolymer cement paste was tested for compressive strength, water absorption, permeable porosity, and sorptivity. It was estimated that the geopolymer cement paste exhibited higher absorption and sorptivity values than control mixtures when molarity increased. However, the samples prepared with combinations of the 8 M activator solution exhibited consistent absorption, sorptivity, and compressive strength values when compared to the control and other geopolymer mixtures with 4 and 12 M activator solutions. Thus, the two activator solutions G8N(40)8K(60) and G8N(20)8K(80)—where GxN(a)yK(b) represents the geopolymer concrete sample prepared by adding solutions of two bases, i.e., ‘xN(a)yK(b)’ showing an ‘a’ percentage of ‘x’ molar NaOH and a ‘b’ percentage of ‘y’ molar KOH—were obtained as the optimum molar ratio of the activator in geopolymer concrete. The geopolymer cement pastes, along with the optimum and control samples, were further tested for concrete durability, SEM, and TGA tests. The G8N(20)8K(80) sample exhibited a better mechanical and durability performance than the G8N(40)8K(60) sample. The durability performance of the geopolymer concrete was also superior to ordinary concrete. Moreover, the geopolymer concrete achieved a 21% reduction in global warming potential compared to the control mixture. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of SCBA in geopolymer concrete can address the ash disposal and CO(2) emission problems with enhanced durability. MDPI 2020-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7436184/ /pubmed/32759859 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153437 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Rehman, Sardar Kashif Ur
Imtiaz, Lahiba
Aslam, Fahid
Khan, Muhammad Khizar
Haseeb, Muhammad
Javed, Muhammad Faisal
Alyousef, Rayed
Alabduljabbar, Hisham
Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite
title Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite
title_full Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite
title_fullStr Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite
title_full_unstemmed Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite
title_short Experimental Investigation of NaOH and KOH Mixture in SCBA-Based Geopolymer Cement Composite
title_sort experimental investigation of naoh and koh mixture in scba-based geopolymer cement composite
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7436184/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759859
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153437
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