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Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpes virus which causes varicella as a primary infection, following which it becomes latent in peripheral autonomic, sensory, and cranial nerve ganglionic neurons from where it may reactivate after decades to cause herpes zoster. VZV reactivation...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Kennedy, Peter GE, Mogensen, Trine H
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495195
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00857-w
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author Kennedy, Peter GE
Mogensen, Trine H
author_facet Kennedy, Peter GE
Mogensen, Trine H
author_sort Kennedy, Peter GE
collection PubMed
description Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpes virus which causes varicella as a primary infection, following which it becomes latent in peripheral autonomic, sensory, and cranial nerve ganglionic neurons from where it may reactivate after decades to cause herpes zoster. VZV reactivation may also cause a wide spectrum of neurological syndromes, in particular, acute encephalitis and vasculopathy. While there is potentially a large number of coding viral mutations that might predispose certain individuals to VZV infections, in practice, a variety of host factors are the main determinants of VZV infection, both disseminated and specifically affecting the nervous system. Host factors include increasing age with diminished cell-mediated immunity to VZV, several primary immunodeficiency syndromes, secondary immunodeficiency syndromes, and drug-induced immunosuppression. In some cases, the molecular immunological basis underlying the increased risk of VZV infections has been defined, in particular, the role of POL III mutations, but in other cases, the mechanisms have yet to be determined. The role of immunization in immunosuppressed individuals as well as its possible efficacy in preventing both generalized and CNS-specific infections will require further investigation to clarify in such patients.
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spelling pubmed-74382982020-08-24 Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) Kennedy, Peter GE Mogensen, Trine H J Neurovirol Review Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a pathogenic human herpes virus which causes varicella as a primary infection, following which it becomes latent in peripheral autonomic, sensory, and cranial nerve ganglionic neurons from where it may reactivate after decades to cause herpes zoster. VZV reactivation may also cause a wide spectrum of neurological syndromes, in particular, acute encephalitis and vasculopathy. While there is potentially a large number of coding viral mutations that might predispose certain individuals to VZV infections, in practice, a variety of host factors are the main determinants of VZV infection, both disseminated and specifically affecting the nervous system. Host factors include increasing age with diminished cell-mediated immunity to VZV, several primary immunodeficiency syndromes, secondary immunodeficiency syndromes, and drug-induced immunosuppression. In some cases, the molecular immunological basis underlying the increased risk of VZV infections has been defined, in particular, the role of POL III mutations, but in other cases, the mechanisms have yet to be determined. The role of immunization in immunosuppressed individuals as well as its possible efficacy in preventing both generalized and CNS-specific infections will require further investigation to clarify in such patients. Springer International Publishing 2020-06-03 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7438298/ /pubmed/32495195 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00857-w Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Review
Kennedy, Peter GE
Mogensen, Trine H
Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)
title Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)
title_full Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)
title_fullStr Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)
title_short Determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV)
title_sort determinants of neurological syndromes caused by varicella zoster virus (vzv)
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438298/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32495195
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-020-00857-w
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