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Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes

The Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) are two evolutionarily conserved kinases that together regulate nearly every aspect of cellular and systemic metabolism. These two kinases sense cellular energy and nutrient levels that in turn...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sukumaran, Abitha, Choi, Kwangmin, Dasgupta, Biplab
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903688
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00671
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author Sukumaran, Abitha
Choi, Kwangmin
Dasgupta, Biplab
author_facet Sukumaran, Abitha
Choi, Kwangmin
Dasgupta, Biplab
author_sort Sukumaran, Abitha
collection PubMed
description The Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) are two evolutionarily conserved kinases that together regulate nearly every aspect of cellular and systemic metabolism. These two kinases sense cellular energy and nutrient levels that in turn are determined by environmental nutrient availability. Because AMPK and mTOR are kinases, the large majority of studies remained focused on downstream substrate phosphorylation by these two proteins, and how AMPK and mTOR regulate signaling and metabolism in normal and disease physiology through phosphorylation of their substrates. Compared to the wealth of information known about the signaling and metabolic pathways modulated by these two kinases, much less is known about how the transcription of AMPK and mTOR pathway genes themselves are regulated, and the extent to which AMPK and mTOR regulate gene expression to cause durable changes in phenotype. Acute modification of cellular systems can be achieved through phosphorylation, however, induction of chronic changes requires modulation of gene expression. In this review we will assemble evidence from published studies on transcriptional regulation by AMPK and mTOR and discuss about the putative transcription factors that regulate expression of AMPK and mTOR complex genes.
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spelling pubmed-74387462020-09-03 Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes Sukumaran, Abitha Choi, Kwangmin Dasgupta, Biplab Front Cell Dev Biol Cell and Developmental Biology The Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) are two evolutionarily conserved kinases that together regulate nearly every aspect of cellular and systemic metabolism. These two kinases sense cellular energy and nutrient levels that in turn are determined by environmental nutrient availability. Because AMPK and mTOR are kinases, the large majority of studies remained focused on downstream substrate phosphorylation by these two proteins, and how AMPK and mTOR regulate signaling and metabolism in normal and disease physiology through phosphorylation of their substrates. Compared to the wealth of information known about the signaling and metabolic pathways modulated by these two kinases, much less is known about how the transcription of AMPK and mTOR pathway genes themselves are regulated, and the extent to which AMPK and mTOR regulate gene expression to cause durable changes in phenotype. Acute modification of cellular systems can be achieved through phosphorylation, however, induction of chronic changes requires modulation of gene expression. In this review we will assemble evidence from published studies on transcriptional regulation by AMPK and mTOR and discuss about the putative transcription factors that regulate expression of AMPK and mTOR complex genes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-07-29 /pmc/articles/PMC7438746/ /pubmed/32903688 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00671 Text en Copyright © 2020 Sukumaran, Choi and Dasgupta. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cell and Developmental Biology
Sukumaran, Abitha
Choi, Kwangmin
Dasgupta, Biplab
Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes
title Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes
title_full Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes
title_fullStr Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes
title_full_unstemmed Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes
title_short Insight on Transcriptional Regulation of the Energy Sensing AMPK and Biosynthetic mTOR Pathway Genes
title_sort insight on transcriptional regulation of the energy sensing ampk and biosynthetic mtor pathway genes
topic Cell and Developmental Biology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7438746/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903688
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcell.2020.00671
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