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Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats

Microglia are dynamic cells that have roles in neuronal plasticity as well as in recovery responses following neuronal injury. Although many hypothesize that hyperactivation of microglia contributes to alcohol-induced neuropathology, in other neurodegenerative conditions disruption of normal microgl...

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Autores principales: Marshall, S. Alex, McClain, Justin A., Wooden, Jessica I., Nixon, Kimberly
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7439004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903737
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2020.00052
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author Marshall, S. Alex
McClain, Justin A.
Wooden, Jessica I.
Nixon, Kimberly
author_facet Marshall, S. Alex
McClain, Justin A.
Wooden, Jessica I.
Nixon, Kimberly
author_sort Marshall, S. Alex
collection PubMed
description Microglia are dynamic cells that have roles in neuronal plasticity as well as in recovery responses following neuronal injury. Although many hypothesize that hyperactivation of microglia contributes to alcohol-induced neuropathology, in other neurodegenerative conditions disruption of normal microglial processes also contributes to neuronal loss, particularly as microglia become dystrophic or dysfunctional. Based on the observation of a striking, abnormal morphology in microglia during binge-like ethanol exposure, the present study investigated the impact of excessive ethanol exposure on microglia number and dystrophic morphology in a model of alcohol dependence that includes neurodegeneration in both adult and adolescent rats. Following 2- and 4-day binge ethanol exposure, the number of microglia was decreased in the hippocampus and the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices of both adult and adolescent rats. Furthermore, a significant number of microglia with a dystrophic morphology were observed in ethanol-exposed tissue, accompanied by a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Together these findings suggest another means by which microglia may contribute to alcohol-induced neurodegeneration, specifically dystrophic microglia and/or loss of microglia may disrupt homeostatic and recovery mechanisms. These results demonstrate that microglia also degenerate with excessive alcohol exposure, which has important implications for understanding the role of microglia—and specifically their contributions to plasticity and neuronal survival—in neurodegenerative disease.
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spelling pubmed-74390042020-09-03 Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats Marshall, S. Alex McClain, Justin A. Wooden, Jessica I. Nixon, Kimberly Front Neuroanat Neuroscience Microglia are dynamic cells that have roles in neuronal plasticity as well as in recovery responses following neuronal injury. Although many hypothesize that hyperactivation of microglia contributes to alcohol-induced neuropathology, in other neurodegenerative conditions disruption of normal microglial processes also contributes to neuronal loss, particularly as microglia become dystrophic or dysfunctional. Based on the observation of a striking, abnormal morphology in microglia during binge-like ethanol exposure, the present study investigated the impact of excessive ethanol exposure on microglia number and dystrophic morphology in a model of alcohol dependence that includes neurodegeneration in both adult and adolescent rats. Following 2- and 4-day binge ethanol exposure, the number of microglia was decreased in the hippocampus and the perirhinal and entorhinal cortices of both adult and adolescent rats. Furthermore, a significant number of microglia with a dystrophic morphology were observed in ethanol-exposed tissue, accompanied by a significant decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus. Together these findings suggest another means by which microglia may contribute to alcohol-induced neurodegeneration, specifically dystrophic microglia and/or loss of microglia may disrupt homeostatic and recovery mechanisms. These results demonstrate that microglia also degenerate with excessive alcohol exposure, which has important implications for understanding the role of microglia—and specifically their contributions to plasticity and neuronal survival—in neurodegenerative disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2020-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC7439004/ /pubmed/32903737 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2020.00052 Text en Copyright © 2020 Marshall, McClain, Wooden and Nixon. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Marshall, S. Alex
McClain, Justin A.
Wooden, Jessica I.
Nixon, Kimberly
Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats
title Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats
title_full Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats
title_fullStr Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats
title_full_unstemmed Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats
title_short Microglia Dystrophy Following Binge-Like Alcohol Exposure in Adolescent and Adult Male Rats
title_sort microglia dystrophy following binge-like alcohol exposure in adolescent and adult male rats
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7439004/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32903737
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2020.00052
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