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Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds
Sex differences in human locomotion are of interest in a broad variety of interdisciplinary applications. Although kinematic sex differences have been studied for many years, the underlying reasons behind several noted differences, such as pelvis and torso range of motion, are still not well underst...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7440644/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32817696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237449 |
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author | Bruening, Dustin A. Baird, Andrew R. Weaver, Kelsey J. Rasmussen, Austin T. |
author_facet | Bruening, Dustin A. Baird, Andrew R. Weaver, Kelsey J. Rasmussen, Austin T. |
author_sort | Bruening, Dustin A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sex differences in human locomotion are of interest in a broad variety of interdisciplinary applications. Although kinematic sex differences have been studied for many years, the underlying reasons behind several noted differences, such as pelvis and torso range of motion, are still not well understood. Walking speed and body size in particular represent confounding influences that hinder our ability to determine causal factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in whole body gait kinematics across a range of controlled, non-dimensional walking and running speeds. We hypothesized that as task demand (i.e. gait speed) increased, the influences of modifiable factors would decrease, leading to a kinematic motion pattern convergence between sexes. Motion capture data from forty-eight healthy young adults (24 M, 24 F) wearing controlled footwear was captured at three walking and three running Froude speeds. Spatiotemporal metrics, center of mass displacement, and joint/segment ranges of motion were compared between sexes using 2x6 mixed-model ANOVAs. Three dimensional time-series waveforms were also used to describe the time-varying behavior of select joint angles. When controlling for size, sex differences in spatiotemporal metrics and center of mass displacement disappeared. However, contrary to our hypothesis, sagittal plane ankle, frontal plane pelvis, and transverse plane pelvis and torso range of motion all displayed sex differences that persisted or increased with gait speed. Overall, most spatiotemporal sex differences appear to be related to size and self-selection of gait speeds, while in contrast, sex differences in joint motion may be more inherent and ubiquitous than previously thought. Discussion on potential causal factors is presented. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7440644 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74406442020-08-26 Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds Bruening, Dustin A. Baird, Andrew R. Weaver, Kelsey J. Rasmussen, Austin T. PLoS One Research Article Sex differences in human locomotion are of interest in a broad variety of interdisciplinary applications. Although kinematic sex differences have been studied for many years, the underlying reasons behind several noted differences, such as pelvis and torso range of motion, are still not well understood. Walking speed and body size in particular represent confounding influences that hinder our ability to determine causal factors. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in whole body gait kinematics across a range of controlled, non-dimensional walking and running speeds. We hypothesized that as task demand (i.e. gait speed) increased, the influences of modifiable factors would decrease, leading to a kinematic motion pattern convergence between sexes. Motion capture data from forty-eight healthy young adults (24 M, 24 F) wearing controlled footwear was captured at three walking and three running Froude speeds. Spatiotemporal metrics, center of mass displacement, and joint/segment ranges of motion were compared between sexes using 2x6 mixed-model ANOVAs. Three dimensional time-series waveforms were also used to describe the time-varying behavior of select joint angles. When controlling for size, sex differences in spatiotemporal metrics and center of mass displacement disappeared. However, contrary to our hypothesis, sagittal plane ankle, frontal plane pelvis, and transverse plane pelvis and torso range of motion all displayed sex differences that persisted or increased with gait speed. Overall, most spatiotemporal sex differences appear to be related to size and self-selection of gait speeds, while in contrast, sex differences in joint motion may be more inherent and ubiquitous than previously thought. Discussion on potential causal factors is presented. Public Library of Science 2020-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC7440644/ /pubmed/32817696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237449 Text en © 2020 Bruening et al http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Bruening, Dustin A. Baird, Andrew R. Weaver, Kelsey J. Rasmussen, Austin T. Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds |
title | Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds |
title_full | Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds |
title_fullStr | Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds |
title_full_unstemmed | Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds |
title_short | Whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds |
title_sort | whole body kinematic sex differences persist across non-dimensional gait speeds |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7440644/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32817696 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237449 |
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