GPSM2 Serves as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker for Liver Cancer Survival

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Liver cancer is a malignancy with a poor prognosis. G protein signaling modulator 2 is mainly related to cell division and cell cycle regulation. In this review, the relationship between G protein signaling modulator 2 and clinical characteristics of patients with liver cancer has been explored, especially with respect to its prognostic value. METHODS: G protein signaling modulator 2 messenger RNA expression and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with liver cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression level of G protein signaling modulator 2 RNA-Seq was validated by using Gene Expression Omnibus. Chi-square test was performed to evaluate the relationship between G protein signaling modulator 2 expression and clinical characteristics. The threshold value of G protein signaling modulator 2 in the diagnosis of liver cancer was evaluated by a receiver–operating characteristic curve. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were performed to evaluate the relationship between G protein signaling modulator 2 and liver cancer prognosis, which included overall and residual-free survival, and explored the prognostic value of G protein signaling modulator 2. Liver cancer survival analyses were validated by using the data of G protein signaling modulator 2 RNA-Seq from the International Cancer Genome Consortium. RESULTS: The expression level of G protein signaling modulator 2 messenger RNA was remarkably higher in liver cancer than that in healthy tissues (P < 2.2 × e(−16)), which was also validated by data from the GSE14520 database. In addition, high G protein signaling modulator 2 expression significantly correlated with histological grade (P = .020), vital status (P < .001), clinical (P = .001), and T stage (P = .001). The receiver–operating characteristic curves showed G protein signaling modulator 2 to be an advantageous diagnostic molecule for liver cancer (area under curve = 0.893). Furthermore, the results of Cox analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves suggested that the upregulation of G protein signaling modulator 2 expression is linked to poor prognosis and G protein signaling modulator 2 messenger RNA could be an independent predictor for liver cancer, which was validated by data from the International Cancer Genome Consortium database. CONCLUSIONS: G protein signaling modulator 2 messenger RNA was overexpressed in liver cancer, and G protein signaling modulator 2 is an independent prognostic factor. G protein signaling modulator 2 is expected to be a treatment target for cancer.