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Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program
BACKGROUND: Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. Understanding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics is crucial to tackling irrational prescription. Yet, comprehensive studies regarding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Dove
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7440886/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32884305 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S262104 |
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author | Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Hagazy, Kalay Woldu, Gebremariam Wahdey, Shishay Tadesse, Degena Bahrey Niriayo, Yirga Legesse |
author_facet | Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Hagazy, Kalay Woldu, Gebremariam Wahdey, Shishay Tadesse, Degena Bahrey Niriayo, Yirga Legesse |
author_sort | Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. Understanding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics is crucial to tackling irrational prescription. Yet, comprehensive studies regarding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among inpatients and the need for an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) are lacking in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns of antibiotics and the need for an ASP. METHODS: A hospital-based prospective observational study was carried out from February 2019 to December 2019. This study was conducted among patients admitted to Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a data abstraction format generated by World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS: A total of 1653 antibiotics were prescribed for 822 inpatients. Overall, 52.3% of patients had at least one oral and/or injectable antibiotic prescribed, for a mean duration of 4.2 (SD=2.3) days. The average number of prescribed antibiotics per patient was 2.01 (SD=1.9). The majority (97.6%) of antibiotics were prescribed by their generic name, and all prescribed antibiotics were from the national Essential Medicine List (EML). Frequently prescribed injectable and oral antibiotics were ceftriaxone (24.5%) and azithromycin (12.9%), respectively. Culture and sensitivity testing were not performed in any of the cases. During the study period, 65.2% of key antibiotics were available in stock. CONCLUSION: In this study, more than half of patients were on at least one antibiotic, and all antibiotics were prescribed from the national EML. However, all antibiotics were prescribed empirically. This result shows that the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the hospital deviates from and is non-compliant with the standard endorsed by WHO. This study provides evidence for the necessity and a way forward for the establishment of an ASP in the hospital that may help to introduce the prescribing of antibiotics with the aid of culture and sensitivity tests, and to develop institutional guidelines. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7440886 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Dove |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74408862020-09-02 Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Hagazy, Kalay Woldu, Gebremariam Wahdey, Shishay Tadesse, Degena Bahrey Niriayo, Yirga Legesse Infect Drug Resist Original Research BACKGROUND: Irrational prescribing of antibiotics is a universal public health problem, leading to antibiotic resistance. Understanding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics is crucial to tackling irrational prescription. Yet, comprehensive studies regarding the prescribing pattern of antibiotics among inpatients and the need for an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) are lacking in Ethiopia. This study aimed to evaluate prescribing patterns of antibiotics and the need for an ASP. METHODS: A hospital-based prospective observational study was carried out from February 2019 to December 2019. This study was conducted among patients admitted to Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a data abstraction format generated by World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25.0. RESULTS: A total of 1653 antibiotics were prescribed for 822 inpatients. Overall, 52.3% of patients had at least one oral and/or injectable antibiotic prescribed, for a mean duration of 4.2 (SD=2.3) days. The average number of prescribed antibiotics per patient was 2.01 (SD=1.9). The majority (97.6%) of antibiotics were prescribed by their generic name, and all prescribed antibiotics were from the national Essential Medicine List (EML). Frequently prescribed injectable and oral antibiotics were ceftriaxone (24.5%) and azithromycin (12.9%), respectively. Culture and sensitivity testing were not performed in any of the cases. During the study period, 65.2% of key antibiotics were available in stock. CONCLUSION: In this study, more than half of patients were on at least one antibiotic, and all antibiotics were prescribed from the national EML. However, all antibiotics were prescribed empirically. This result shows that the prescribing pattern of antibiotics in the hospital deviates from and is non-compliant with the standard endorsed by WHO. This study provides evidence for the necessity and a way forward for the establishment of an ASP in the hospital that may help to introduce the prescribing of antibiotics with the aid of culture and sensitivity tests, and to develop institutional guidelines. Dove 2020-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7440886/ /pubmed/32884305 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S262104 Text en © 2020 Demoz et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms (https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php). |
spellingShingle | Original Research Demoz, Gebre Teklemariam Kasahun, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Hagazy, Kalay Woldu, Gebremariam Wahdey, Shishay Tadesse, Degena Bahrey Niriayo, Yirga Legesse Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program |
title | Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program |
title_full | Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program |
title_fullStr | Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program |
title_full_unstemmed | Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program |
title_short | Prescribing Pattern of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients in Ethiopia: A Need for Antibiotic Stewardship Program |
title_sort | prescribing pattern of antibiotics using who prescribing indicators among inpatients in ethiopia: a need for antibiotic stewardship program |
topic | Original Research |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7440886/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32884305 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S262104 |
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