Isolated metachronous splenic multiple metastases after colon cancer surgery: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUND: Isolated splenic metastasis is a rare clinical entity. Multiple metastases in the spleen after radical colon resection in a patient who subsequently underwent a second local resection for isolated metachronous splenic metastasis are exceedingly rare. CASE SUMMARY: We report a colon cancer patient who underwent laparoscopic radical colon resection 14 mo previously, and subsequently underwent a second local resection due to local recurrence detected by elevated serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and positron emission tomography (PET). However, multiple metastases in the spleen were found 7 mo later by elevated serum CEA and PET-magnetic resonance imaging. Then the patient underwent total laparoscopic splenectomy. Local tumor recurrence and splenic metastasis from colorectal cancer (CRC) were found by postoperative pathology. Genetic analysis of these recurrent and metastatic tissues showed KRAS exon2, APC exon16 and TP53 exon6 missense mutations, but no mutations of NRAS, KRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, MET, MLH1, MSH2 and MSH6 were detected. Chemotherapy and target therapy were administered after multiple disciplinary team (MDT) consultation, and no tumor recurrence has been observed to date. We also reviewed the literature by conducting a search of the PubMed database using the following key words: CRC, splenic metastasis, isolated, and review. We identified 34 relevant papers, which included 28 cases of metachronous metastasis and 6 cases of simultaneous metastasis. CONCLUSION: Close monitoring of serum CEA levels is crucial for the detection of isolated splenic metastases after colon surgery. In terms of overall survival and progression-free survival, MDT plays an important role in the entire process of disease management.