New Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatments for ‘Old’ Patients: Results of a Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION: In the last 20 years, biologic and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) have become available for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and a treat-to-target strategy has been introduced. We hypothesise that these advances should have resulted in changes to the characteristics of patients with RA participating in clinical trials of the newest therapies. This study determined whether the baseline characteristics of patients with RA enrolled in clinical trials have changed in the past decade versus patients participating in earlier RA studies. METHODS: This secondary analysis was based on randomised controlled trials (RCTs) identified in a systematic literature review. Baseline characteristics of patients with RA with inadequate response to conventional synthetic DMARDs were compared between RCTs published in 1999–2009 and those published in 2010–2017 using random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Forty RCTs were analysed: 22 from 1999–2009 and 18 from 2010–2017. No significant difference between the two timeframes and no obvious trend over time were observed for age, gender, disease duration, rheumatoid factor status, tender and swollen joint counts, physician and patient global assessments of disease activity, and pain scores. Variability between RCTs was high. Similar results were observed for Disease Activity Scores and Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index scores, but with low variability between RCTs. CONCLUSION: The baseline characteristics of patients with RA participating in RCTs do not appear to have changed in the last decade despite the availability of new treatments and a different treatment approach. Further research should determine the impact of baseline patient characteristics on patients’ response to RA treatments. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12325-020-01435-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.