Efficient light harvesting using simple porphyrin-oxide perovskite system

Here, we report the systematic studies on photoanodes of phase pure polycrystalline microrods of Barium Stannate (BaSnO(3)) microrods for application in porphyrin dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). We were able to establish the effect of vacuum annealing on BaSnO(3) thin films on its electrical, optical and adsorption properties using XPS, UV–Vis, photoluminescence and adsorption isotherm studies. Increase in oxygen vacancy with annealing is found to increase the room temperature (RT) electron mobility from 49.1 to 82.4 cm(2)/V sec whereas macroporous nature of samples were found suitable for faster dye adsorption (~ 30 min). Post TiCl(4) treatment studies, the maximum efficiency (η) of 4.7% is achieved in BSO films with current density J(sc) ~ value as 10.4 mA/cm(2); whereas DSSC fabricated using annealed BSO films gave maximum efficiency of 6.1% with J(sc) value as 12.2 mA/cm(2), during which the value of FF increased from 73.4 to 81%. The IPCE and proposed electron transfer mechanism suggested the potential application of macroporous BSO with unconventional dyes such as metallised-porphyrin. Our results strengthen the idea of using phase-pure, visible transparent porous BSO nanostructures with induced oxygen vacancies due to annealing process post-synthesis which eventually increased DSSC performance from by 84%.