Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Diabetic Kidney Disease with SARS-CoV-2 Infection

[Image: see text] Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is expressed ubiquitously in many tissues, including kidney, respiratory tract, and immune cells. Human DPP-4 has been identified as a functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. A large interface has been predicted in the docking of DPP-4/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Globally, 40% of diabetic patients develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. DPP-4 inhibitors possess anti-inflammatory properties which suggest their potential implication in DKD and SARS-CoV-2 immunopathogenesis.