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Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia
Tick-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging threats causing public health concerns in Europe and North America. Prevention and control requires understanding of human exposure and behaviour. The aim was to measure exposure to tick bites across Scandinavia, its spatial distribution and the assoc...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Taylor & Francis
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7448850/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32922687 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2020.1764693 |
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author | Jore, Solveig Vanwambeke, Sophie O. Slunge, Daniel Boman, Anders Krogfelt, Karen A. Jepsen, Martin Tugwell Vold, Line |
author_facet | Jore, Solveig Vanwambeke, Sophie O. Slunge, Daniel Boman, Anders Krogfelt, Karen A. Jepsen, Martin Tugwell Vold, Line |
author_sort | Jore, Solveig |
collection | PubMed |
description | Tick-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging threats causing public health concerns in Europe and North America. Prevention and control requires understanding of human exposure and behaviour. The aim was to measure exposure to tick bites across Scandinavia, its spatial distribution and the associated risk factors. Methods We sent a web-based survey to a randomly chosen population and analysed answers by Principal Component Analysis and Chi-Square. Individual responses were aggregated at the municipality level to assess the spatial distribution of bites. Results Nearly 60% of adults reported bites at low levels (1-5 bites); however, the majority were not in their resident municipality. We found two spatial profiles: In their home municipalities, people were most often bitten in less, but not the least, urbanized areas. When visiting other municipalities, people were most frequently bitten in peri-urban areas. Running/walking in the forest, gardening, and paddling/rowing were activities most strongly associated with bites. Conclusion Tick bites affect the entire Scandinavian population, with a higher risk in Sweden compared to Denmark and Norway. The frequency of observation of ticks in the environment or on pets might be used as a proxy for the actual risk of exposure to tick bites. Our results indicates that urban-dwelling outdoor enthusiasts and inhabitants of rural areas must be equally targeted for prevention campaigns. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7448850 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | Taylor & Francis |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74488502020-09-10 Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia Jore, Solveig Vanwambeke, Sophie O. Slunge, Daniel Boman, Anders Krogfelt, Karen A. Jepsen, Martin Tugwell Vold, Line Infect Ecol Epidemiol Research Article Tick-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging threats causing public health concerns in Europe and North America. Prevention and control requires understanding of human exposure and behaviour. The aim was to measure exposure to tick bites across Scandinavia, its spatial distribution and the associated risk factors. Methods We sent a web-based survey to a randomly chosen population and analysed answers by Principal Component Analysis and Chi-Square. Individual responses were aggregated at the municipality level to assess the spatial distribution of bites. Results Nearly 60% of adults reported bites at low levels (1-5 bites); however, the majority were not in their resident municipality. We found two spatial profiles: In their home municipalities, people were most often bitten in less, but not the least, urbanized areas. When visiting other municipalities, people were most frequently bitten in peri-urban areas. Running/walking in the forest, gardening, and paddling/rowing were activities most strongly associated with bites. Conclusion Tick bites affect the entire Scandinavian population, with a higher risk in Sweden compared to Denmark and Norway. The frequency of observation of ticks in the environment or on pets might be used as a proxy for the actual risk of exposure to tick bites. Our results indicates that urban-dwelling outdoor enthusiasts and inhabitants of rural areas must be equally targeted for prevention campaigns. Taylor & Francis 2020-06-07 /pmc/articles/PMC7448850/ /pubmed/32922687 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2020.1764693 Text en © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Jore, Solveig Vanwambeke, Sophie O. Slunge, Daniel Boman, Anders Krogfelt, Karen A. Jepsen, Martin Tugwell Vold, Line Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia |
title | Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia |
title_full | Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia |
title_fullStr | Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia |
title_full_unstemmed | Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia |
title_short | Spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in Scandinavia |
title_sort | spatial tick bite exposure and associated risk factors in scandinavia |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7448850/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32922687 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20008686.2020.1764693 |
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