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High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Undernutrition remains a major public health concern affecting both children and adolescents in Ethiopia. However, little attention has been given to the undernutrition of primary school-aged children, with their exclusion within national surveys. Therefore, this systematic review and me...

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Autores principales: Assemie, Moges Agazhe, Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw, Ketema, Daniel Bekele, Adem, Ali Mekonen, Desita, Melaku, Petrucka, Pammla, Ambaw, Mekdes Marew
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7448995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32847566
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00881-w
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author Assemie, Moges Agazhe
Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw
Ketema, Daniel Bekele
Adem, Ali Mekonen
Desita, Melaku
Petrucka, Pammla
Ambaw, Mekdes Marew
author_facet Assemie, Moges Agazhe
Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw
Ketema, Daniel Bekele
Adem, Ali Mekonen
Desita, Melaku
Petrucka, Pammla
Ambaw, Mekdes Marew
author_sort Assemie, Moges Agazhe
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Undernutrition remains a major public health concern affecting both children and adolescents in Ethiopia. However, little attention has been given to the undernutrition of primary school-aged children, with their exclusion within national surveys. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine pooled estimate and determinant factors of undernutrition among primary school-aged children (6 to 15 years of age) in Ethiopia. METHOD: We systematically retrieved available articles on the prevalence of undernutrition in primary school-aged children in Ethiopia by using a number of computerized databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct between September 1 and November 25, 2019. Two authors independently extracted relevant data using a standardized data extraction form. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed with the Cochrane Q test statistics and Higgins I(2) tests. The pooled estimates and determinant factors of school-aged undernutrition were assessed with random-effects model using Stata/se Version 14. RESULT: We have retrieved 30 eligible articles with pooled sample size of 16,642 primary school- aged children to determine the prevalence of undernutrition in Ethiopia. Hence, the pooled prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were found to be 21.3% (95% CI: 17.0, 25.5), 18.2% (95% CI: 14.4, 22.0) and 17.7% (95% CI, 13.5, 21.8) respectively. Heterogeneity was assessed by doing subgroup analysis for study province/region. Thus, the highest prevalence of stunting was 27.6% (95% CI, 20.7, 34.5) and underweight 22.7% (95% CI, 19.2, 26.3) in Amhara Region while, in the instance of wasting, it was 19.3%(95% CI: 5.1, 33.4) in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region. Maternal educational status (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.73), age of school-aged child (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.72) and sex of school-aged child (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.85) were found to be significantly associated with stunting. Maternal educational status (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.9) and age of school-aged child (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.81, 4.14) were associated with thinness/wasting. Parasitic infection (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.73) were associated with underweight of school age children. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of stunting and underweight among primary school-aged children are moderately high while acute undernutrition (wasting) is more critical than under-five national average as reported in the 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey. Therefore, this finding warrants the need to design a school-aged children nutrition survey and expand school feeding programs to improve the nutritional status of primary school-aged children in the country. In addition, emphasis should be given to female school-aged children in the early school years, creating awareness for those mothers who lack formal education, and preventing and treating/deworming parasitic infection. Moreover, researchers must conduct research in province/regions which have not yet studied school aged children’s nutritional status to date.
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spelling pubmed-74489952020-08-27 High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis Assemie, Moges Agazhe Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw Ketema, Daniel Bekele Adem, Ali Mekonen Desita, Melaku Petrucka, Pammla Ambaw, Mekdes Marew Ital J Pediatr Research BACKGROUND: Undernutrition remains a major public health concern affecting both children and adolescents in Ethiopia. However, little attention has been given to the undernutrition of primary school-aged children, with their exclusion within national surveys. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine pooled estimate and determinant factors of undernutrition among primary school-aged children (6 to 15 years of age) in Ethiopia. METHOD: We systematically retrieved available articles on the prevalence of undernutrition in primary school-aged children in Ethiopia by using a number of computerized databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and Science Direct between September 1 and November 25, 2019. Two authors independently extracted relevant data using a standardized data extraction form. Heterogeneity among included studies was assessed with the Cochrane Q test statistics and Higgins I(2) tests. The pooled estimates and determinant factors of school-aged undernutrition were assessed with random-effects model using Stata/se Version 14. RESULT: We have retrieved 30 eligible articles with pooled sample size of 16,642 primary school- aged children to determine the prevalence of undernutrition in Ethiopia. Hence, the pooled prevalence of stunting, underweight, and wasting were found to be 21.3% (95% CI: 17.0, 25.5), 18.2% (95% CI: 14.4, 22.0) and 17.7% (95% CI, 13.5, 21.8) respectively. Heterogeneity was assessed by doing subgroup analysis for study province/region. Thus, the highest prevalence of stunting was 27.6% (95% CI, 20.7, 34.5) and underweight 22.7% (95% CI, 19.2, 26.3) in Amhara Region while, in the instance of wasting, it was 19.3%(95% CI: 5.1, 33.4) in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region. Maternal educational status (OR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.33, 2.73), age of school-aged child (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.72) and sex of school-aged child (OR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.85) were found to be significantly associated with stunting. Maternal educational status (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.9) and age of school-aged child (OR = 2.74, 95% CI: 1.81, 4.14) were associated with thinness/wasting. Parasitic infection (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.73) were associated with underweight of school age children. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of stunting and underweight among primary school-aged children are moderately high while acute undernutrition (wasting) is more critical than under-five national average as reported in the 2016 Ethiopian Demography and Health Survey. Therefore, this finding warrants the need to design a school-aged children nutrition survey and expand school feeding programs to improve the nutritional status of primary school-aged children in the country. In addition, emphasis should be given to female school-aged children in the early school years, creating awareness for those mothers who lack formal education, and preventing and treating/deworming parasitic infection. Moreover, researchers must conduct research in province/regions which have not yet studied school aged children’s nutritional status to date. BioMed Central 2020-08-26 /pmc/articles/PMC7448995/ /pubmed/32847566 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00881-w Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Assemie, Moges Agazhe
Alamneh, Alehegn Aderaw
Ketema, Daniel Bekele
Adem, Ali Mekonen
Desita, Melaku
Petrucka, Pammla
Ambaw, Mekdes Marew
High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis
title High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short High burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort high burden of undernutrition among primary school-aged children and its determinant factors in ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7448995/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32847566
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13052-020-00881-w
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