Anticoagulation, Bleeding, Mortality, and Pathology in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19

BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic disease is common in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). There is limited evidence on the association of in-hospital anticoagulation (AC) with outcomes and postmortem findings. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine association of AC with in-hospital outcome...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Nadkarni, Girish N., Lala, Anuradha, Bagiella, Emilia, Chang, Helena L., Moreno, Pedro R., Pujadas, Elisabet, Arvind, Varun, Bose, Sonali, Charney, Alexander W., Chen, Martin D., Cordon-Cardo, Carlos, Dunn, Andrew S., Farkouh, Michael E., Glicksberg, Benjamin S., Kia, Arash, Kohli-Seth, Roopa, Levin, Matthew A., Timsina, Prem, Zhao, Shan, Fayad, Zahi A., Fuster, Valentin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation 2020
Materias:
Original Investigation
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7449655/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32860872
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.041
Descripción
Sumario:BACKGROUND: Thromboembolic disease is common in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). There is limited evidence on the association of in-hospital anticoagulation (AC) with outcomes and postmortem findings. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine association of AC with in-hospital outcomes and describe thromboembolic findings on autopsies. METHODS: This retrospective analysis examined the association of AC with mortality, intubation, and major bleeding. Subanalyses were also conducted on the association of therapeutic versus prophylactic AC initiated ≤48 h from admission. Thromboembolic disease was contextualized by premortem AC among consecutive autopsies. RESULTS: Among 4,389 patients, median age was 65 years with 44% women. Compared with no AC (n = 1,530; 34.9%), therapeutic AC (n = 900; 20.5%) and prophylactic AC (n = 1,959; 44.6%) were associated with lower in-hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45 to 0.62 and aHR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.57, respectively), and intubation (aHR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.94 and aHR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.89, respectively). When initiated ≤48 h from admission, there was no statistically significant difference between therapeutic (n = 766) versus prophylactic AC (n = 1,860) (aHR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.73 to 1.02; p = 0.08). Overall, 89 patients (2%) had major bleeding adjudicated by clinician review, with 27 of 900 (3.0%) on therapeutic, 33 of 1,959 (1.7%) on prophylactic, and 29 of 1,530 (1.9%) on no AC. Of 26 autopsies, 11 (42%) had thromboembolic disease not clinically suspected and 3 of 11 (27%) were on therapeutic AC. CONCLUSIONS: AC was associated with lower mortality and intubation among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Compared with prophylactic AC, therapeutic AC was associated with lower mortality, although not statistically significant. Autopsies revealed frequent thromboembolic disease. These data may inform trials to determine optimal AC regimens.

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