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COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom

OBJECTIVES: To describe epidemiological data on cases of COVID-19 and the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the United Kingdom (UK), and the subsequent policy and technological response to the pandemic, including impact on healthcare, business and the economy. METHODS: Epi...

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Autores principales: Flynn, Darren, Moloney, Eoin, Bhattarai, Nawaraj, Scott, Jason, Breckons, Matthew, Avery, Leah, Moy, Naomi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7451057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874853
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.003
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author Flynn, Darren
Moloney, Eoin
Bhattarai, Nawaraj
Scott, Jason
Breckons, Matthew
Avery, Leah
Moy, Naomi
author_facet Flynn, Darren
Moloney, Eoin
Bhattarai, Nawaraj
Scott, Jason
Breckons, Matthew
Avery, Leah
Moy, Naomi
author_sort Flynn, Darren
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVES: To describe epidemiological data on cases of COVID-19 and the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the United Kingdom (UK), and the subsequent policy and technological response to the pandemic, including impact on healthcare, business and the economy. METHODS: Epidemiological, business and economic data were extracted from official government sources covering the period 31st January to 13th August 2020; healthcare system data up to end of June 2019. RESULTS: UK-wide COVID-19 cases and deaths were 313,798 and 46,706 respectively (472 cases and 70 deaths per 100,000 population) by 12th August. There were regional variations in England, with London and North West (756 and 666 cases per 100,000 population respectively) disproportionately affected compared with other regions. As of 11th August, 13,618,470 tests had been conducted in the UK. Increased risk of mortality was associated with age (≥60 years), gender (male) and BAME groups. Since onset of the pandemic, emergency department attendance, primary care utilisation and cancer referrals and inpatient/outpatient referrals have declined; emergency ambulance and NHS111 calls increased. Business sectors most impacted are the arts, entertainment and recreation, followed by accommodation and food services. Government interventions aimed at curtailing the business and economic impact have been implemented, but applications for state benefits have increased. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of COVID-19 on the UK population, health system and economy has been profound. More data are needed to implement the optimal policy and technological responses to preventing further spikes in COVID-19 cases, and to inform strategic planning to manage future pandemics.
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spelling pubmed-74510572020-08-28 COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom Flynn, Darren Moloney, Eoin Bhattarai, Nawaraj Scott, Jason Breckons, Matthew Avery, Leah Moy, Naomi Health Policy Technol Article OBJECTIVES: To describe epidemiological data on cases of COVID-19 and the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in the United Kingdom (UK), and the subsequent policy and technological response to the pandemic, including impact on healthcare, business and the economy. METHODS: Epidemiological, business and economic data were extracted from official government sources covering the period 31st January to 13th August 2020; healthcare system data up to end of June 2019. RESULTS: UK-wide COVID-19 cases and deaths were 313,798 and 46,706 respectively (472 cases and 70 deaths per 100,000 population) by 12th August. There were regional variations in England, with London and North West (756 and 666 cases per 100,000 population respectively) disproportionately affected compared with other regions. As of 11th August, 13,618,470 tests had been conducted in the UK. Increased risk of mortality was associated with age (≥60 years), gender (male) and BAME groups. Since onset of the pandemic, emergency department attendance, primary care utilisation and cancer referrals and inpatient/outpatient referrals have declined; emergency ambulance and NHS111 calls increased. Business sectors most impacted are the arts, entertainment and recreation, followed by accommodation and food services. Government interventions aimed at curtailing the business and economic impact have been implemented, but applications for state benefits have increased. CONCLUSIONS: The impact of COVID-19 on the UK population, health system and economy has been profound. More data are needed to implement the optimal policy and technological responses to preventing further spikes in COVID-19 cases, and to inform strategic planning to manage future pandemics. Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. 2020-12 2020-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7451057/ /pubmed/32874853 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.003 Text en © 2020 Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.
spellingShingle Article
Flynn, Darren
Moloney, Eoin
Bhattarai, Nawaraj
Scott, Jason
Breckons, Matthew
Avery, Leah
Moy, Naomi
COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_full COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_fullStr COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_short COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
title_sort covid-19 pandemic in the united kingdom
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7451057/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32874853
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hlpt.2020.08.003
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