Brain metastases: Single-dose radiosurgery versus hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy: A retrospective study

BACKGROUND: Radiosurgery is employed for the treatment of brain metastases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of single-dose radiosurgery (SRS) compared to hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hFSRT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2004 and 2018, we analyzed treatments of 97 patients with 135 brain metastases. Fifty-six patients were treated with SRS, and 41 patients were treated with hFSRT. Median dose was 16 Gy (12-20 Gy) for the SRS group and 30 Gy in 5-6 fractions for the hFSRT group. hFSRT was used for larger lesions and lesions located near critical structures. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for overall survival (OS) and local control (LC). RESULTS: Median age was 64 years (range, 32-89 years). Median survival was 10 months (1-68 months). With a median follow-up of 10 months, no significant differences in OS between groups were found (P=0.21). LC for all patients was 67%. Local progression-free survival (LPFS) at 6 months and 1 year was 71% and 60% for the SRS group, respectively, and 80% and 69% for the hFSRT group, respectively (P=0.93). Although hFSRT was used for larger lesions and lesions in adverse locations, LPFS was not inferior compared to lesions treated with SRS. We observed acute toxicity grade 1-2 in 25 patients (25.8%). Late complications were observed in 11 patients (11.3%). Acute and late toxicity was similar in the SRS- and hFSRT-treated patients (P=0.63 and P=0.11, respectively). Brain recurrence occurred in 37.5% and 14.6% in the hFSRT and SRS group, respectively (P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Since patients treated with hFSRT exhibited similar survival and LPFS rates without differences in toxicity compared to those treated with SRS, hFSRT can be beneficial, particularly for patients with brain metastases. RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS: Hypofractionated schemes in stereotactic radiosurgery offers treatment alternatives to patients with large lesions or lesions near critical structures.