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An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?

BACKGROUND: In the absence of widespread testing, symptomatic monitoring efforts may allow for understanding the epidemiological situation of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. We obtained data from a social networking service (SNS) messaging application that monitors self-r...

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Autores principales: Nomura, Shuhei, Yoneoka, Daisuke, Shi, Shoi, Tanoue, Yuta, Kawashima, Takayuki, Eguchi, Akifumi, Matsuura, Kentaro, Makiyama, Koji, Ejima, Keisuke, Taniguchi, Toshibumi, Sakamoto, Haruka, Kunishima, Hiroyuki, Gilmour, Stuart, Nishiura, Hiroshi, Miyata, Hiroaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453215/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34173594
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100011
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author Nomura, Shuhei
Yoneoka, Daisuke
Shi, Shoi
Tanoue, Yuta
Kawashima, Takayuki
Eguchi, Akifumi
Matsuura, Kentaro
Makiyama, Koji
Ejima, Keisuke
Taniguchi, Toshibumi
Sakamoto, Haruka
Kunishima, Hiroyuki
Gilmour, Stuart
Nishiura, Hiroshi
Miyata, Hiroaki
author_facet Nomura, Shuhei
Yoneoka, Daisuke
Shi, Shoi
Tanoue, Yuta
Kawashima, Takayuki
Eguchi, Akifumi
Matsuura, Kentaro
Makiyama, Koji
Ejima, Keisuke
Taniguchi, Toshibumi
Sakamoto, Haruka
Kunishima, Hiroyuki
Gilmour, Stuart
Nishiura, Hiroshi
Miyata, Hiroaki
author_sort Nomura, Shuhei
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: In the absence of widespread testing, symptomatic monitoring efforts may allow for understanding the epidemiological situation of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. We obtained data from a social networking service (SNS) messaging application that monitors self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms in real time in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. We aimed at not only understanding the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the prefecture, but also highlighting the usefulness of symptomatic monitoring approaches that rely on self-reporting using SNS during a pandemic, and informing the assessment of Japan's emergency declaration over COVID-19. METHODS: We analysed symptoms data (fever over 37.5° and a strong feeling of weariness or shortness of breath), reported voluntarily via SNS chatbot by 227,898 residents of Fukuoka Prefecture during March 27 to May 3, 2020, including April 7, when a state of emergency was declared. We estimated the spatial correlation coefficient between the number of the self-reported cases of COVID-19 related symptoms and the number of PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases in the period (obtained from the prefecture website); and estimated the empirical Bayes age- and sex-standardised incidence ratio (EBSIR) of the symptoms in the period, compared before and after the declaration. The number of symptom cases was weighted by age and sex to reflect the regional population distribution according to the 2015 national census. FINDINGS: Of the participants, 3.47% reported symptoms. There was a strong spatial correlation of 0.847 (p < 0.001) at municipality level between the weighted number of self-reported symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases for both symptoms. The EBSIR at post-code level was not likely to change remarkably before and after the declaration of the emergency, but the gap in EBSIR between high-risk and low-risk areas appeared to have increased after the declaration. INTERPRETATION: While caution is necessary as the data was limited to SNS users, the self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms considered in the study had high epidemiological evaluation ability. In addition, though based on visual assessment, after the declaration of the emergency, regional containment of the infection risk might have strengthened to some extent. SNS, which can provide a high level of real-time, voluntary symptom data collection, can be used to assess the epidemiology of a pandemic, as well as to assist in policy assessments such as emergency declarations. FUNDING: The present work was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H29-Gantaisaku-ippan-009).
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spelling pubmed-74532152020-08-28 An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency? Nomura, Shuhei Yoneoka, Daisuke Shi, Shoi Tanoue, Yuta Kawashima, Takayuki Eguchi, Akifumi Matsuura, Kentaro Makiyama, Koji Ejima, Keisuke Taniguchi, Toshibumi Sakamoto, Haruka Kunishima, Hiroyuki Gilmour, Stuart Nishiura, Hiroshi Miyata, Hiroaki Lancet Reg Health West Pac Research Paper BACKGROUND: In the absence of widespread testing, symptomatic monitoring efforts may allow for understanding the epidemiological situation of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan. We obtained data from a social networking service (SNS) messaging application that monitors self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms in real time in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. We aimed at not only understanding the epidemiological situation of COVID-19 in the prefecture, but also highlighting the usefulness of symptomatic monitoring approaches that rely on self-reporting using SNS during a pandemic, and informing the assessment of Japan's emergency declaration over COVID-19. METHODS: We analysed symptoms data (fever over 37.5° and a strong feeling of weariness or shortness of breath), reported voluntarily via SNS chatbot by 227,898 residents of Fukuoka Prefecture during March 27 to May 3, 2020, including April 7, when a state of emergency was declared. We estimated the spatial correlation coefficient between the number of the self-reported cases of COVID-19 related symptoms and the number of PCR confirmed COVID-19 cases in the period (obtained from the prefecture website); and estimated the empirical Bayes age- and sex-standardised incidence ratio (EBSIR) of the symptoms in the period, compared before and after the declaration. The number of symptom cases was weighted by age and sex to reflect the regional population distribution according to the 2015 national census. FINDINGS: Of the participants, 3.47% reported symptoms. There was a strong spatial correlation of 0.847 (p < 0.001) at municipality level between the weighted number of self-reported symptoms and the number of COVID-19 cases for both symptoms. The EBSIR at post-code level was not likely to change remarkably before and after the declaration of the emergency, but the gap in EBSIR between high-risk and low-risk areas appeared to have increased after the declaration. INTERPRETATION: While caution is necessary as the data was limited to SNS users, the self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms considered in the study had high epidemiological evaluation ability. In addition, though based on visual assessment, after the declaration of the emergency, regional containment of the infection risk might have strengthened to some extent. SNS, which can provide a high level of real-time, voluntary symptom data collection, can be used to assess the epidemiology of a pandemic, as well as to assist in policy assessments such as emergency declarations. FUNDING: The present work was supported in part by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan (H29-Gantaisaku-ippan-009). Elsevier 2020-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7453215/ /pubmed/34173594 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100011 Text en © 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Research Paper
Nomura, Shuhei
Yoneoka, Daisuke
Shi, Shoi
Tanoue, Yuta
Kawashima, Takayuki
Eguchi, Akifumi
Matsuura, Kentaro
Makiyama, Koji
Ejima, Keisuke
Taniguchi, Toshibumi
Sakamoto, Haruka
Kunishima, Hiroyuki
Gilmour, Stuart
Nishiura, Hiroshi
Miyata, Hiroaki
An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?
title An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?
title_full An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?
title_fullStr An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?
title_full_unstemmed An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?
title_short An assessment of self-reported COVID-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in Japan: Has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?
title_sort assessment of self-reported covid-19 related symptoms of 227,898 users of a social networking service in japan: has the regional risk changed after the declaration of the state of emergency?
topic Research Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453215/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34173594
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100011
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