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Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018

BACKGROUND: Health risks due to particulate matter (PM) from wildfires may differ from risk due to PM from other sources. In places frequently subjected to wildfire smoke, such as Reno, Nevada, it is critical to determine whether wildfire PM poses unique risks. Our goal was to quantify the differenc...

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Autores principales: Kiser, Daniel, Metcalf, William J., Elhanan, Gai, Schnieder, Brendan, Schlauch, Karen, Joros, Andrew, Petersen, Craig, Grzymski, Joseph
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32854703
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00646-2
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author Kiser, Daniel
Metcalf, William J.
Elhanan, Gai
Schnieder, Brendan
Schlauch, Karen
Joros, Andrew
Petersen, Craig
Grzymski, Joseph
author_facet Kiser, Daniel
Metcalf, William J.
Elhanan, Gai
Schnieder, Brendan
Schlauch, Karen
Joros, Andrew
Petersen, Craig
Grzymski, Joseph
author_sort Kiser, Daniel
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Health risks due to particulate matter (PM) from wildfires may differ from risk due to PM from other sources. In places frequently subjected to wildfire smoke, such as Reno, Nevada, it is critical to determine whether wildfire PM poses unique risks. Our goal was to quantify the difference in the association of adverse asthma events with PM on days when wildfire smoke was present versus days when wildfire smoke was not present. METHODS: We obtained counts of visits for asthma at emergency departments and urgent care centers from a large regional healthcare system in Reno for the years 2013–2018. We also obtained dates when wildfire smoke was present from the Washoe County Health District Air Quality Management Division. We then examined whether the presence of wildfire smoke modified the association of PM(2.5), PM(10–2.5), and PM(10) with asthma visits using generalized additive models. We improved on previous studies by excluding wildfire-smoke days where the PM concentration exceeded the maximum PM concentration on other days, thus accounting for possible nonlinearity in the association between PM concentration and asthma visits. RESULTS: Air quality was affected by wildfire smoke on 188 days between 2013 and 2018. We found that the presence of wildfire smoke increased the association of a 5 μg/m(3) increase in daily and three-day averages of PM(2.5) with asthma visits by 6.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–10.3%) and 6.8% (CI: 1.2–12.7%), respectively. Similarly, the presence of wildfire smoke increased the association of a 5 μg/m(3) increase in daily and three-day averages of PM(10) with asthma visits by 5.5% (CI: 2.5–8.6%) and 7.2% (CI: 2.6–12.0%), respectively. We did not observe any significant increases in association for PM(10–2.5) or for seven-day averages of PM(2.5) and PM(10). CONCLUSIONS: Since we found significantly stronger associations of PM(2.5) and PM(10) with asthma visits when wildfire smoke was present, our results suggest that wildfire PM is more hazardous than non-wildfire PM for patients with asthma.
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spelling pubmed-74535272020-08-28 Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018 Kiser, Daniel Metcalf, William J. Elhanan, Gai Schnieder, Brendan Schlauch, Karen Joros, Andrew Petersen, Craig Grzymski, Joseph Environ Health Research BACKGROUND: Health risks due to particulate matter (PM) from wildfires may differ from risk due to PM from other sources. In places frequently subjected to wildfire smoke, such as Reno, Nevada, it is critical to determine whether wildfire PM poses unique risks. Our goal was to quantify the difference in the association of adverse asthma events with PM on days when wildfire smoke was present versus days when wildfire smoke was not present. METHODS: We obtained counts of visits for asthma at emergency departments and urgent care centers from a large regional healthcare system in Reno for the years 2013–2018. We also obtained dates when wildfire smoke was present from the Washoe County Health District Air Quality Management Division. We then examined whether the presence of wildfire smoke modified the association of PM(2.5), PM(10–2.5), and PM(10) with asthma visits using generalized additive models. We improved on previous studies by excluding wildfire-smoke days where the PM concentration exceeded the maximum PM concentration on other days, thus accounting for possible nonlinearity in the association between PM concentration and asthma visits. RESULTS: Air quality was affected by wildfire smoke on 188 days between 2013 and 2018. We found that the presence of wildfire smoke increased the association of a 5 μg/m(3) increase in daily and three-day averages of PM(2.5) with asthma visits by 6.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–10.3%) and 6.8% (CI: 1.2–12.7%), respectively. Similarly, the presence of wildfire smoke increased the association of a 5 μg/m(3) increase in daily and three-day averages of PM(10) with asthma visits by 5.5% (CI: 2.5–8.6%) and 7.2% (CI: 2.6–12.0%), respectively. We did not observe any significant increases in association for PM(10–2.5) or for seven-day averages of PM(2.5) and PM(10). CONCLUSIONS: Since we found significantly stronger associations of PM(2.5) and PM(10) with asthma visits when wildfire smoke was present, our results suggest that wildfire PM is more hazardous than non-wildfire PM for patients with asthma. BioMed Central 2020-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7453527/ /pubmed/32854703 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00646-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Kiser, Daniel
Metcalf, William J.
Elhanan, Gai
Schnieder, Brendan
Schlauch, Karen
Joros, Andrew
Petersen, Craig
Grzymski, Joseph
Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018
title Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018
title_full Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018
title_fullStr Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018
title_full_unstemmed Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018
title_short Particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in Reno, Nevada, 2013–2018
title_sort particulate matter and emergency visits for asthma: a time-series study of their association in the presence and absence of wildfire smoke in reno, nevada, 2013–2018
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7453527/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32854703
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00646-2
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