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Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique

BACKGROUND: The ability to understand another’s emotions and act appropriately, empathy, is an important mediator of relationship function and health intervention fidelity. We adapted the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) – an empathy scale – among seroconcordant expectant couples with HIV in the...

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Autores principales: Sack, Daniel E., Frisby, Michael B., Diemer, Matthew A., De Schacht, Caroline, Graves, Erin, Kipp, Aaron M., Emílio, Almiro, Matino, Ariano, Barreto, Ezequiel, Van Rompaey, Sara, Wallston, Kenneth A., Audet, Carolyn M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7456002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859272
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00442-0
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author Sack, Daniel E.
Frisby, Michael B.
Diemer, Matthew A.
De Schacht, Caroline
Graves, Erin
Kipp, Aaron M.
Emílio, Almiro
Matino, Ariano
Barreto, Ezequiel
Van Rompaey, Sara
Wallston, Kenneth A.
Audet, Carolyn M.
author_facet Sack, Daniel E.
Frisby, Michael B.
Diemer, Matthew A.
De Schacht, Caroline
Graves, Erin
Kipp, Aaron M.
Emílio, Almiro
Matino, Ariano
Barreto, Ezequiel
Van Rompaey, Sara
Wallston, Kenneth A.
Audet, Carolyn M.
author_sort Sack, Daniel E.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The ability to understand another’s emotions and act appropriately, empathy, is an important mediator of relationship function and health intervention fidelity. We adapted the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) – an empathy scale – among seroconcordant expectant couples with HIV in the Homens para Saúde Mais (HoPS+) trial – a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing couple-based versus individual treatment on viral suppression – in Zambézia Province, Mozambique. METHODS: Using baseline data from 1332 HoPS+ trial participants (666 couples), an exploratory factor analysis assessed culturally relevant questions from the IRI. Because empathy is interdependent among couples, we validated the results of the exploratory factor analysis using a dyadic confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with dyadic measurement invariance testing. Finally, we assessed the relationship between scores on our final scale and basic demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, and depression) using t-tests. RESULTS: We found two subscales: 1) a seven-item cognitive empathy subscale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.78) and 2) a six-item affective empathy subscale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73). The dyadic CFA found acceptable model fit and metric invariance across partners (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.914, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.904, Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.056, ΔCFI = 0.011). We observed higher cognitive (p: 0.012) and affective (p: 0.049) empathy among males and higher cognitive (p: 0.031) and affective (p: 0.030) empathy among younger participants. More educated participants had higher affective empathy (p: 0.017) and depressed participants had higher cognitive empathy (p: < 0.001). This two-subscale, 13-item version of the IRI measures cognitive and affective empathy in HoPS+ trial participants and adults while accounting for the interdependent nature of empathy within partner dyads. CONCLUSIONS: This scale will allow us to assess the interplay between empathy and other psychometric constructs (stigma, social support, etc.) in the HoPS+ trial and how each relates to retention in HIV, adherence to treatment, and prevention of maternal to child HIV transmission. Furthermore, this scale can be adapted for other sub-Saharan African populations, which will allow researchers to better assess HIV-related intervention efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is within the context of the HoPS+ trial, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as number NCT03149237. Registered May 11, 2017.
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spelling pubmed-74560022020-08-31 Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique Sack, Daniel E. Frisby, Michael B. Diemer, Matthew A. De Schacht, Caroline Graves, Erin Kipp, Aaron M. Emílio, Almiro Matino, Ariano Barreto, Ezequiel Van Rompaey, Sara Wallston, Kenneth A. Audet, Carolyn M. BMC Psychol Research Article BACKGROUND: The ability to understand another’s emotions and act appropriately, empathy, is an important mediator of relationship function and health intervention fidelity. We adapted the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) – an empathy scale – among seroconcordant expectant couples with HIV in the Homens para Saúde Mais (HoPS+) trial – a cluster randomized controlled trial assessing couple-based versus individual treatment on viral suppression – in Zambézia Province, Mozambique. METHODS: Using baseline data from 1332 HoPS+ trial participants (666 couples), an exploratory factor analysis assessed culturally relevant questions from the IRI. Because empathy is interdependent among couples, we validated the results of the exploratory factor analysis using a dyadic confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with dyadic measurement invariance testing. Finally, we assessed the relationship between scores on our final scale and basic demographic characteristics (sex, age, education, and depression) using t-tests. RESULTS: We found two subscales: 1) a seven-item cognitive empathy subscale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.78) and 2) a six-item affective empathy subscale (Cronbach’s alpha 0.73). The dyadic CFA found acceptable model fit and metric invariance across partners (Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.914, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.904, Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.056, ΔCFI = 0.011). We observed higher cognitive (p: 0.012) and affective (p: 0.049) empathy among males and higher cognitive (p: 0.031) and affective (p: 0.030) empathy among younger participants. More educated participants had higher affective empathy (p: 0.017) and depressed participants had higher cognitive empathy (p: < 0.001). This two-subscale, 13-item version of the IRI measures cognitive and affective empathy in HoPS+ trial participants and adults while accounting for the interdependent nature of empathy within partner dyads. CONCLUSIONS: This scale will allow us to assess the interplay between empathy and other psychometric constructs (stigma, social support, etc.) in the HoPS+ trial and how each relates to retention in HIV, adherence to treatment, and prevention of maternal to child HIV transmission. Furthermore, this scale can be adapted for other sub-Saharan African populations, which will allow researchers to better assess HIV-related intervention efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is within the context of the HoPS+ trial, registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as number NCT03149237. Registered May 11, 2017. BioMed Central 2020-08-28 /pmc/articles/PMC7456002/ /pubmed/32859272 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00442-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sack, Daniel E.
Frisby, Michael B.
Diemer, Matthew A.
De Schacht, Caroline
Graves, Erin
Kipp, Aaron M.
Emílio, Almiro
Matino, Ariano
Barreto, Ezequiel
Van Rompaey, Sara
Wallston, Kenneth A.
Audet, Carolyn M.
Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
title Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
title_full Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
title_fullStr Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
title_full_unstemmed Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
title_short Interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with HIV in Zambézia Province, Mozambique
title_sort interpersonal reactivity index adaptation among expectant seroconcordant couples with hiv in zambézia province, mozambique
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7456002/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32859272
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40359-020-00442-0
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