OMEGA-3 Interventions in Alcohol Dependence and Related Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Propositions

BACKGROUND: Pharmacological treatment for alcohol dependence has only three approved drugs: disulfiram, naltrexone and acamprosate. The effects of these drugs are, however, limited, presenting several side effects and a modestly higher efficacy compared to placebo. The administration of omega-3 might bring new perspectives to relapse prevention. METHODS: This systematic review aimed to analyze the available literature, compiling the studies that used omega-3 to prevent relapse in alcohol dependents. RESULTS: The databases used were PubMed and Web of Science. We identified 2,231 studies and only five articles addressed the administration of omega-3 and alcoholism. Preclinical studies evaluating the effects of PUFAs related to chronic alcohol administration showed improvements in behavioral, cellular and molecular levels. The clinical trial yielded inconclusive results. CONCLUSION: Despite the reduced number of studies, omega-3 interventions seem to be promising for controlling issues related to alcohol dependence.