Severe reflux esophagitis and multiple congenital defects: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common and troublesome condition. This paper reports a rare case of gastroesophageal reflux disease caused by ectopic biliary drainage accompanying the absence of a pyloric channel and duodenal bulb in a female patient with multiple underlying malformations. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 24-year-old female presented with acid regurgitation and abdominal pain for one month. She was born two weeks premature and with blindness of the right eye. Cardiac murmur was detected in the physical examination. DIAGNOSIS: Gastroendoscopy was performed, and a class D reflux esophagitis and ectopic papilla complicated with the absence of a pyloric channel and duodenal bulb were found. Doppler echocardiography further confirmed the defects of atrial and ventricular septa. Trio-based whole exome sequencing was performed on the proband and her family to find the potential association of multiple variations. However, no putative pathogenic mutations were found. INTERVENTIONS: The patient received proton pump inhibitors and prokinetic treatment and underwent surgical repair of septal defects. OUTCOMES: The symptoms were quickly relieved, and the patient was kept stable upon follow-up. CONCLUSION: The combination of an absent pylorus and ectopic papilla is a rare cause of reflux esophagitis. Unusual gastrointestinal anatomical variations may be accompanied by other malformations. Though no remarkable mutation were detected in this case, sequencing is an efficient technique worth full consideration.