Prevention of acute kidney injury by low intensity pulsed ultrasound via anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis

The therapeutic effects of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) with acute kidney injury (AKI) are still unclear. A renal tubule cell model under H(2)O(2) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions with or without LIPUS pre-treatment (1 MHz, 30 and 100 mW/cm(2), 15 min) was used to test the in vitro effects of LIPUS. An AKI mouse model of unilateral IRI with nephrectomy of the contralateral kidney for 48 h with or without LIPUS treatment (3 MHz, 100 mW/cm(2), 20 min/day) 5 day before IRI were used to investigate the in vivo effects of LIPUS. LIPUS significantly protected the renal tubule cell viability and prevented inflammatory signals against H(2)O(2) challenge. LIPUS could inhibit the apoptosis-related molecular signals and increase the protein levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes, α-Klotho, and Sirt1 in renal tubule cells after H/R challenge. LIPUS alleviated the increases in the serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C, renal pathological changes and apoptosis-related molecular signals, and impaired antioxidant enzymes in AKI mice. The IRI-induced inflammatory responses in the kidneys and spleens could be reversed by LIPUS. These findings suggest that LIPUS treatment displays the benefits for renal protection in IRI-induced AKI mice.