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Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants

Objectives: For a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, we performed a broad identification and characterization of the strains affecting implants by evaluating the morphology of biofilms formed in vitro in correlation with tests of the strains’ antibiotic susceptibil...

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Autores principales: Coraça-Huber, Débora C., Kreidl, Lisa, Steixner, Stephan, Hinz, Maximilian, Dammerer, Dietmar, Fille, Manfred
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806685
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080649
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author Coraça-Huber, Débora C.
Kreidl, Lisa
Steixner, Stephan
Hinz, Maximilian
Dammerer, Dietmar
Fille, Manfred
author_facet Coraça-Huber, Débora C.
Kreidl, Lisa
Steixner, Stephan
Hinz, Maximilian
Dammerer, Dietmar
Fille, Manfred
author_sort Coraça-Huber, Débora C.
collection PubMed
description Objectives: For a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, we performed a broad identification and characterization of the strains affecting implants by evaluating the morphology of biofilms formed in vitro in correlation with tests of the strains’ antibiotic susceptibility in planktonic form. The ability of the strains to form biofilms in vitro was evaluated by means of colony forming units counting, metabolic activity tests of biofilm cells, and scanning electron microscopy. Methods: A total of 140 strains were isolated from patients with orthopedic implant-related infections during the period of 2015 to 2018. The identification of the isolates was carried out through microbiological cultures and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility rates of the isolates were accessed according to EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). The ability of all isolates to form biofilms in vitro was evaluated by counting the colony forming units, by measuring the metabolic activity of biofilm cells, and by analyzing the morphology of the formed biofilms using scanning electron microscopy. Results: From all the isolates, 41.84% (62 strains) were Staphylococcus epidermidis and 15.60% (22 strains) were Staphylococcus aureus. A significant difference in the capacity of biofilm formation was observed among the isolates. When correlating the biofilm forming capacity of the isolates to their antibiotic susceptibility rates, we observed that not all strains that were classified as resistant were biofilm producers in vitro. In other words, bacteria that are not good biofilm formers can show increased tolerance to multiple antibiotic substances. Conclusion: From 2015 until 2018, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the strain that caused most of the orthopedic implant-related infections in our hospital. Not all strains causing infection in orthopedic implants are able to form biofilms under in vitro conditions. Differences were observed in the number of cells and morphology of the biofilms. In addition, antibiotic resistance is not directly related to the capacity of the strains to form biofilms in vitro. Further studies should consider the use of in vitro culture conditions that better reproduce the joint environment and the growth of biofilms in humans.
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spelling pubmed-74603062020-09-02 Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants Coraça-Huber, Débora C. Kreidl, Lisa Steixner, Stephan Hinz, Maximilian Dammerer, Dietmar Fille, Manfred Pathogens Article Objectives: For a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in biofilm formation, we performed a broad identification and characterization of the strains affecting implants by evaluating the morphology of biofilms formed in vitro in correlation with tests of the strains’ antibiotic susceptibility in planktonic form. The ability of the strains to form biofilms in vitro was evaluated by means of colony forming units counting, metabolic activity tests of biofilm cells, and scanning electron microscopy. Methods: A total of 140 strains were isolated from patients with orthopedic implant-related infections during the period of 2015 to 2018. The identification of the isolates was carried out through microbiological cultures and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility rates of the isolates were accessed according to EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing). The ability of all isolates to form biofilms in vitro was evaluated by counting the colony forming units, by measuring the metabolic activity of biofilm cells, and by analyzing the morphology of the formed biofilms using scanning electron microscopy. Results: From all the isolates, 41.84% (62 strains) were Staphylococcus epidermidis and 15.60% (22 strains) were Staphylococcus aureus. A significant difference in the capacity of biofilm formation was observed among the isolates. When correlating the biofilm forming capacity of the isolates to their antibiotic susceptibility rates, we observed that not all strains that were classified as resistant were biofilm producers in vitro. In other words, bacteria that are not good biofilm formers can show increased tolerance to multiple antibiotic substances. Conclusion: From 2015 until 2018, Staphylococcus epidermidis was the strain that caused most of the orthopedic implant-related infections in our hospital. Not all strains causing infection in orthopedic implants are able to form biofilms under in vitro conditions. Differences were observed in the number of cells and morphology of the biofilms. In addition, antibiotic resistance is not directly related to the capacity of the strains to form biofilms in vitro. Further studies should consider the use of in vitro culture conditions that better reproduce the joint environment and the growth of biofilms in humans. MDPI 2020-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7460306/ /pubmed/32806685 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080649 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Coraça-Huber, Débora C.
Kreidl, Lisa
Steixner, Stephan
Hinz, Maximilian
Dammerer, Dietmar
Fille, Manfred
Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants
title Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants
title_full Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants
title_fullStr Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants
title_full_unstemmed Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants
title_short Identification and Morphological Characterization of Biofilms Formed by Strains Causing Infection in Orthopedic Implants
title_sort identification and morphological characterization of biofilms formed by strains causing infection in orthopedic implants
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806685
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9080649
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