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Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages
The ongoing development of new production methods may lead to the commercialization of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (NACOS), such as chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). The bioactivity of NACOS, although not well detailed, differs from that of COS, as they have more acetyl groups than COS. We used tw...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460392/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806493 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080421 |
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author | Deng, Jun-Jin Li, Zong-Qiu Mo, Ze-Quan Xu, Shun Mao, He-Hua Shi, Dan Li, Zhi-Wei Dan, Xue-Ming Luo, Xiao-Chun |
author_facet | Deng, Jun-Jin Li, Zong-Qiu Mo, Ze-Quan Xu, Shun Mao, He-Hua Shi, Dan Li, Zhi-Wei Dan, Xue-Ming Luo, Xiao-Chun |
author_sort | Deng, Jun-Jin |
collection | PubMed |
description | The ongoing development of new production methods may lead to the commercialization of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (NACOS), such as chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). The bioactivity of NACOS, although not well detailed, differs from that of COS, as they have more acetyl groups than COS. We used two enzymatically produced NACOS with different molecular compositions and six NACOS (NACOS1–6) with a single degree of polymerization to verify their immunomodulatory effects on the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. We aimed to identify any differences between COS and various NACOS with a single degree of polymerization. The results showed that NACOS had similar immune enhancement effects on RAW264.7 cells as COS, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytotic activity, and the production of pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). However, unlike COS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NACOS1 and NACOS6 significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. Besides their immune enhancement effects, NACOS also significantly inhibited the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory response with some differences between various polymerization degrees. We confirmed that the NF-κB pathway is associated with the immunomodulatory effects of NACOS on RAW264.7 cells. This study could inform the application of NACOS with varying different degrees of polymerization in human health. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7460392 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74603922020-09-02 Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages Deng, Jun-Jin Li, Zong-Qiu Mo, Ze-Quan Xu, Shun Mao, He-Hua Shi, Dan Li, Zhi-Wei Dan, Xue-Ming Luo, Xiao-Chun Mar Drugs Article The ongoing development of new production methods may lead to the commercialization of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (NACOS), such as chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). The bioactivity of NACOS, although not well detailed, differs from that of COS, as they have more acetyl groups than COS. We used two enzymatically produced NACOS with different molecular compositions and six NACOS (NACOS1–6) with a single degree of polymerization to verify their immunomodulatory effects on the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. We aimed to identify any differences between COS and various NACOS with a single degree of polymerization. The results showed that NACOS had similar immune enhancement effects on RAW264.7 cells as COS, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytotic activity, and the production of pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). However, unlike COS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NACOS1 and NACOS6 significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. Besides their immune enhancement effects, NACOS also significantly inhibited the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory response with some differences between various polymerization degrees. We confirmed that the NF-κB pathway is associated with the immunomodulatory effects of NACOS on RAW264.7 cells. This study could inform the application of NACOS with varying different degrees of polymerization in human health. MDPI 2020-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7460392/ /pubmed/32806493 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080421 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Deng, Jun-Jin Li, Zong-Qiu Mo, Ze-Quan Xu, Shun Mao, He-Hua Shi, Dan Li, Zhi-Wei Dan, Xue-Ming Luo, Xiao-Chun Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages |
title | Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages |
title_full | Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages |
title_fullStr | Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages |
title_short | Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages |
title_sort | immunomodulatory effects of n-acetyl chitooligosaccharides on raw264.7 macrophages |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460392/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806493 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080421 |
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