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Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages

The ongoing development of new production methods may lead to the commercialization of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (NACOS), such as chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). The bioactivity of NACOS, although not well detailed, differs from that of COS, as they have more acetyl groups than COS. We used tw...

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Autores principales: Deng, Jun-Jin, Li, Zong-Qiu, Mo, Ze-Quan, Xu, Shun, Mao, He-Hua, Shi, Dan, Li, Zhi-Wei, Dan, Xue-Ming, Luo, Xiao-Chun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806493
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080421
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author Deng, Jun-Jin
Li, Zong-Qiu
Mo, Ze-Quan
Xu, Shun
Mao, He-Hua
Shi, Dan
Li, Zhi-Wei
Dan, Xue-Ming
Luo, Xiao-Chun
author_facet Deng, Jun-Jin
Li, Zong-Qiu
Mo, Ze-Quan
Xu, Shun
Mao, He-Hua
Shi, Dan
Li, Zhi-Wei
Dan, Xue-Ming
Luo, Xiao-Chun
author_sort Deng, Jun-Jin
collection PubMed
description The ongoing development of new production methods may lead to the commercialization of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (NACOS), such as chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). The bioactivity of NACOS, although not well detailed, differs from that of COS, as they have more acetyl groups than COS. We used two enzymatically produced NACOS with different molecular compositions and six NACOS (NACOS1–6) with a single degree of polymerization to verify their immunomodulatory effects on the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. We aimed to identify any differences between COS and various NACOS with a single degree of polymerization. The results showed that NACOS had similar immune enhancement effects on RAW264.7 cells as COS, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytotic activity, and the production of pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). However, unlike COS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NACOS1 and NACOS6 significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. Besides their immune enhancement effects, NACOS also significantly inhibited the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory response with some differences between various polymerization degrees. We confirmed that the NF-κB pathway is associated with the immunomodulatory effects of NACOS on RAW264.7 cells. This study could inform the application of NACOS with varying different degrees of polymerization in human health.
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spelling pubmed-74603922020-09-02 Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages Deng, Jun-Jin Li, Zong-Qiu Mo, Ze-Quan Xu, Shun Mao, He-Hua Shi, Dan Li, Zhi-Wei Dan, Xue-Ming Luo, Xiao-Chun Mar Drugs Article The ongoing development of new production methods may lead to the commercialization of N-acetyl chitooligosaccharides (NACOS), such as chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). The bioactivity of NACOS, although not well detailed, differs from that of COS, as they have more acetyl groups than COS. We used two enzymatically produced NACOS with different molecular compositions and six NACOS (NACOS1–6) with a single degree of polymerization to verify their immunomodulatory effects on the RAW264.7 macrophage cell line. We aimed to identify any differences between COS and various NACOS with a single degree of polymerization. The results showed that NACOS had similar immune enhancement effects on RAW264.7 cells as COS, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), phagocytotic activity, and the production of pro-inflammation cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α). However, unlike COS and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NACOS1 and NACOS6 significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production. Besides their immune enhancement effects, NACOS also significantly inhibited the LPS-induced RAW264.7 inflammatory response with some differences between various polymerization degrees. We confirmed that the NF-κB pathway is associated with the immunomodulatory effects of NACOS on RAW264.7 cells. This study could inform the application of NACOS with varying different degrees of polymerization in human health. MDPI 2020-08-12 /pmc/articles/PMC7460392/ /pubmed/32806493 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080421 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Deng, Jun-Jin
Li, Zong-Qiu
Mo, Ze-Quan
Xu, Shun
Mao, He-Hua
Shi, Dan
Li, Zhi-Wei
Dan, Xue-Ming
Luo, Xiao-Chun
Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages
title Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages
title_full Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages
title_fullStr Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages
title_short Immunomodulatory Effects of N-Acetyl Chitooligosaccharides on RAW264.7 Macrophages
title_sort immunomodulatory effects of n-acetyl chitooligosaccharides on raw264.7 macrophages
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460392/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32806493
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080421
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