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An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds

The first antibiotic-producing actinomycete (Streptomyces antibioticus) was described by Waksman and Woodruff in 1940. This discovery initiated the “actinomycetes era”, in which several species were identified and demonstrated to be a great source of bioactive compounds. However, the remarkable grou...

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Autores principales: Mitousis, Lena, Thoma, Yvonne, Musiol-Kroll, Ewa M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460540/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080494
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author Mitousis, Lena
Thoma, Yvonne
Musiol-Kroll, Ewa M.
author_facet Mitousis, Lena
Thoma, Yvonne
Musiol-Kroll, Ewa M.
author_sort Mitousis, Lena
collection PubMed
description The first antibiotic-producing actinomycete (Streptomyces antibioticus) was described by Waksman and Woodruff in 1940. This discovery initiated the “actinomycetes era”, in which several species were identified and demonstrated to be a great source of bioactive compounds. However, the remarkable group of microorganisms and their potential for the production of bioactive agents were only partially exploited. This is caused by the fact that the growth of many actinomycetes cannot be reproduced on artificial media at laboratory conditions. In addition, sequencing, genome mining and bioactivity screening disclosed that numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), encoded in actinomycetes genomes are not expressed and thus, the respective potential products remain uncharacterized. Therefore, a lot of effort was put into the development of technologies that facilitate the access to actinomycetes genomes and activation of their biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we mainly focus on molecular tools and methods for genetic engineering of actinomycetes that have emerged in the field in the past five years (2015–2020). In addition, we highlight examples of successful application of the recently developed technologies in genetic engineering of actinomycetes for activation and/or improvement of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.
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spelling pubmed-74605402020-09-03 An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds Mitousis, Lena Thoma, Yvonne Musiol-Kroll, Ewa M. Antibiotics (Basel) Review The first antibiotic-producing actinomycete (Streptomyces antibioticus) was described by Waksman and Woodruff in 1940. This discovery initiated the “actinomycetes era”, in which several species were identified and demonstrated to be a great source of bioactive compounds. However, the remarkable group of microorganisms and their potential for the production of bioactive agents were only partially exploited. This is caused by the fact that the growth of many actinomycetes cannot be reproduced on artificial media at laboratory conditions. In addition, sequencing, genome mining and bioactivity screening disclosed that numerous biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), encoded in actinomycetes genomes are not expressed and thus, the respective potential products remain uncharacterized. Therefore, a lot of effort was put into the development of technologies that facilitate the access to actinomycetes genomes and activation of their biosynthetic pathways. In this review, we mainly focus on molecular tools and methods for genetic engineering of actinomycetes that have emerged in the field in the past five years (2015–2020). In addition, we highlight examples of successful application of the recently developed technologies in genetic engineering of actinomycetes for activation and/or improvement of the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. MDPI 2020-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7460540/ /pubmed/32784409 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080494 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Mitousis, Lena
Thoma, Yvonne
Musiol-Kroll, Ewa M.
An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds
title An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds
title_full An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds
title_fullStr An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds
title_full_unstemmed An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds
title_short An Update on Molecular Tools for Genetic Engineering of Actinomycetes—The Source of Important Antibiotics and Other Valuable Compounds
title_sort update on molecular tools for genetic engineering of actinomycetes—the source of important antibiotics and other valuable compounds
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460540/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784409
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9080494
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