Rederivation by Cryopreservation of a Paternal Line of Rabbits Suggests Exhaustion of Selection for Post-Weaning Daily Weight Gain after 37 Generations

SIMPLE SUMMARY: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a long-term selection for post-weaning daily weight gain after 37 generations, using vitrified embryos with 18 generational intervals to rederive two coetaneous populations, reducing or avoiding genetic drift, environmental and cryopreservation effects. This study reports that the selection programme had improved average daily weight gain without variations in adult body weight but, after 37 generations of selection, this trait seems exhausted. ABSTRACT: Rabbit selection programmes have mainly been evaluated using unselected or divergently selected populations, or populations rederived from cryopreserved embryos after a reduced number of generations. Nevertheless, unselected and divergent populations do not avoid genetic drift, while rederived animals seem to influence phenotypic traits such as birth and adult weights or prolificacy. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of a long-term selection for post-weaning average daily weight gain (ADG) over 37 generations with two rederived populations. Specifically, two coetaneous populations were derived from vitrified embryos with 18 generational intervals (R19 and R37), reducing or avoiding genetic drift and environmental and cryopreservation effects. After two generations of both rederived populations (R21 vs. R39 generations), all evaluated traits showed some progress as a result of the selection, the response being 0.113 g/day by generation. This response does not seem to affect the estimated Gompertz growth curve parameters in terms of the day, the weight at the inflexion point or the adult weight. Moreover, a sexual dimorphism favouring females was observed in this paternal line. Results demonstrated that the selection programme had improved ADG without variations in adult body weight but, after 37 generations of selection, this trait seems exhausted. Given the reduction in the cumulative reproductive performance and as a consequence in the selection pressure, or possibly/perhaps due to an unexpected effect, rederivation could be the cause of this weak selection response observed from generation 18 onwards.