Cargando…

Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers

Aminopeptidases (APs) are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze peptides and polypeptides by scission of the N-terminus amino acid and that also participate in the intracellular final digestion of proteins. APs play an important role in protein maturation, signal transduction, and cell-cycle control, among...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Vargas, Félix, Wangesteen, Rosemary, Rodríguez-Gómez, Isabel, García-Estañ, Joaquín
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165615
_version_ 1783576657320214528
author Vargas, Félix
Wangesteen, Rosemary
Rodríguez-Gómez, Isabel
García-Estañ, Joaquín
author_facet Vargas, Félix
Wangesteen, Rosemary
Rodríguez-Gómez, Isabel
García-Estañ, Joaquín
author_sort Vargas, Félix
collection PubMed
description Aminopeptidases (APs) are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze peptides and polypeptides by scission of the N-terminus amino acid and that also participate in the intracellular final digestion of proteins. APs play an important role in protein maturation, signal transduction, and cell-cycle control, among other processes. These enzymes are especially relevant in the control of cardiovascular and renal functions. APs participate in the regulation of the systemic and local renin–angiotensin system and also modulate the activity of neuropeptides, kinins, immunomodulatory peptides, and cytokines, even contributing to cholesterol uptake and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the role of four key APs, aspartyl-, alanyl-, glutamyl-, and leucyl-cystinyl-aminopeptidases, in the control of blood pressure (BP) and renal function and on their association with different cardiovascular and renal diseases. In this context, the effects of AP inhibitors are analyzed as therapeutic tools for BP control and renal diseases. Their role as urinary biomarkers of renal injury is also explored. The enzymatic activities of urinary APs, which act as hydrolyzing peptides on the luminal surface of the renal tubule, have emerged as early predictive renal injury biomarkers in both acute and chronic renal nephropathies, including those induced by nephrotoxic agents, obesity, hypertension, or diabetes. Hence, the analysis of urinary AP appears to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic approach to renal disease in both research and clinical settings.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7460675
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-74606752020-09-03 Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers Vargas, Félix Wangesteen, Rosemary Rodríguez-Gómez, Isabel García-Estañ, Joaquín Int J Mol Sci Review Aminopeptidases (APs) are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze peptides and polypeptides by scission of the N-terminus amino acid and that also participate in the intracellular final digestion of proteins. APs play an important role in protein maturation, signal transduction, and cell-cycle control, among other processes. These enzymes are especially relevant in the control of cardiovascular and renal functions. APs participate in the regulation of the systemic and local renin–angiotensin system and also modulate the activity of neuropeptides, kinins, immunomodulatory peptides, and cytokines, even contributing to cholesterol uptake and angiogenesis. This review focuses on the role of four key APs, aspartyl-, alanyl-, glutamyl-, and leucyl-cystinyl-aminopeptidases, in the control of blood pressure (BP) and renal function and on their association with different cardiovascular and renal diseases. In this context, the effects of AP inhibitors are analyzed as therapeutic tools for BP control and renal diseases. Their role as urinary biomarkers of renal injury is also explored. The enzymatic activities of urinary APs, which act as hydrolyzing peptides on the luminal surface of the renal tubule, have emerged as early predictive renal injury biomarkers in both acute and chronic renal nephropathies, including those induced by nephrotoxic agents, obesity, hypertension, or diabetes. Hence, the analysis of urinary AP appears to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic approach to renal disease in both research and clinical settings. MDPI 2020-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7460675/ /pubmed/32764495 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165615 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vargas, Félix
Wangesteen, Rosemary
Rodríguez-Gómez, Isabel
García-Estañ, Joaquín
Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers
title Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers
title_full Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers
title_fullStr Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers
title_full_unstemmed Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers
title_short Aminopeptidases in Cardiovascular and Renal Function. Role as Predictive Renal Injury Biomarkers
title_sort aminopeptidases in cardiovascular and renal function. role as predictive renal injury biomarkers
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460675/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764495
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165615
work_keys_str_mv AT vargasfelix aminopeptidasesincardiovascularandrenalfunctionroleaspredictiverenalinjurybiomarkers
AT wangesteenrosemary aminopeptidasesincardiovascularandrenalfunctionroleaspredictiverenalinjurybiomarkers
AT rodriguezgomezisabel aminopeptidasesincardiovascularandrenalfunctionroleaspredictiverenalinjurybiomarkers
AT garciaestanjoaquin aminopeptidasesincardiovascularandrenalfunctionroleaspredictiverenalinjurybiomarkers