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YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics

YRNAs are a type of short, noncoding RNAs. A total of four different transcripts can be distinguished, which are YRNA1, YRNA3, YRNA4 and YRNA5. All YRNAs are relatively small, made up of about 100 nucleotides each. YRNAs are characterized by a stem-loop structure and each part of that structure carr...

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Autores principales: Guglas, Kacper, Kołodziejczak, Iga, Kolenda, Tomasz, Kopczyńska, Magda, Teresiak, Anna, Sobocińska, Joanna, Bliźniak, Renata, Lamperska, Katarzyna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
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Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784396
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165682
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author Guglas, Kacper
Kołodziejczak, Iga
Kolenda, Tomasz
Kopczyńska, Magda
Teresiak, Anna
Sobocińska, Joanna
Bliźniak, Renata
Lamperska, Katarzyna
author_facet Guglas, Kacper
Kołodziejczak, Iga
Kolenda, Tomasz
Kopczyńska, Magda
Teresiak, Anna
Sobocińska, Joanna
Bliźniak, Renata
Lamperska, Katarzyna
author_sort Guglas, Kacper
collection PubMed
description YRNAs are a type of short, noncoding RNAs. A total of four different transcripts can be distinguished, which are YRNA1, YRNA3, YRNA4 and YRNA5. All YRNAs are relatively small, made up of about 100 nucleotides each. YRNAs are characterized by a stem-loop structure and each part of that structure carries a different function. YRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus by RNA polymerase III. Then, the YRNA molecule is bound to the polyuridine tail of the La protein responsible for both its nuclear retention and protection from degradation. They also bind to the Ro60 protein, making the molecule more stable. In turn, YRNA-derived small RNAs (YsRNAs) are a class of YRNAs produced in apoptotic cells as a result of YRNA degradation. This process is performed by caspase-3-dependent pathways that form two groups of YsRNAs, with lengths of either approximately 24 or 31 nucleotides. From all four YRNA transcripts, 75 well-described pseudogenes are generated as a result of the mutation. However, available data indicates the formation of up to 1000 pseudogenes. YRNAs and YRNA-derived small RNAs may play a role in carcinogenesis due to their altered expression in cancers and influence on cell proliferation and inflammation. Nevertheless, our knowledge is still limited, and more research is required. The main aim of this review is to describe the current state of knowledge about YRNAs, their function and contribution to carcinogenesis, as well as their potential role in cancer diagnostics. To confirm the promising potential of YRNAs and YRNA-derived fragments as biomarkers, their significant role in several tumor types was taken into consideration.
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spelling pubmed-74608102020-09-03 YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics Guglas, Kacper Kołodziejczak, Iga Kolenda, Tomasz Kopczyńska, Magda Teresiak, Anna Sobocińska, Joanna Bliźniak, Renata Lamperska, Katarzyna Int J Mol Sci Review YRNAs are a type of short, noncoding RNAs. A total of four different transcripts can be distinguished, which are YRNA1, YRNA3, YRNA4 and YRNA5. All YRNAs are relatively small, made up of about 100 nucleotides each. YRNAs are characterized by a stem-loop structure and each part of that structure carries a different function. YRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus by RNA polymerase III. Then, the YRNA molecule is bound to the polyuridine tail of the La protein responsible for both its nuclear retention and protection from degradation. They also bind to the Ro60 protein, making the molecule more stable. In turn, YRNA-derived small RNAs (YsRNAs) are a class of YRNAs produced in apoptotic cells as a result of YRNA degradation. This process is performed by caspase-3-dependent pathways that form two groups of YsRNAs, with lengths of either approximately 24 or 31 nucleotides. From all four YRNA transcripts, 75 well-described pseudogenes are generated as a result of the mutation. However, available data indicates the formation of up to 1000 pseudogenes. YRNAs and YRNA-derived small RNAs may play a role in carcinogenesis due to their altered expression in cancers and influence on cell proliferation and inflammation. Nevertheless, our knowledge is still limited, and more research is required. The main aim of this review is to describe the current state of knowledge about YRNAs, their function and contribution to carcinogenesis, as well as their potential role in cancer diagnostics. To confirm the promising potential of YRNAs and YRNA-derived fragments as biomarkers, their significant role in several tumor types was taken into consideration. MDPI 2020-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7460810/ /pubmed/32784396 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165682 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Guglas, Kacper
Kołodziejczak, Iga
Kolenda, Tomasz
Kopczyńska, Magda
Teresiak, Anna
Sobocińska, Joanna
Bliźniak, Renata
Lamperska, Katarzyna
YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics
title YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics
title_full YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics
title_fullStr YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics
title_full_unstemmed YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics
title_short YRNAs and YRNA-Derived Fragments as New Players in Cancer Research and Their Potential Role in Diagnostics
title_sort yrnas and yrna-derived fragments as new players in cancer research and their potential role in diagnostics
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7460810/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784396
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165682
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