Electrocardiographic criteria which have the best prognostic significance in hypertensive patients with echocardiographic hypertrophy of left ventricle: 15‐year prospective study

BACKGROUND: Electrocardiography is the first‐choice technique for detecting left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with arterial hypertension. It is necessary to know the probable outcome for every patient during the treatment, with the aim of improving cardiovascular event prevention. HYPOTHESIS: Certain electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy may predict outcomes of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy during a 15‐year follow‐up. METHODS: Fifteen‐year prospective study of 83 consecutive patients (53 male and 30 female; mean age 55.3 ± 8.1) with echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass index 170.3 ± 31.6 g/m(2)). Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy was determined by means of Gubner‐Ungerleider voltage, Lewis voltage, voltage of R wave in aVL lead, Lyon‐Sokolow voltage, Cornell voltage and Cornell product, voltage RV(6) and RV(5) ratio, Romhilt‐Estes score, Framingham criterion and Perugia criterion. RESULTS: One or more composite events were registered in 32 (38.5%) patients during 15‐year follow‐up. Positive Lyon‐Sokolow score (17.6% vs. 47.3%; P < 0.05), Lewis voltage (9.8% vs. 21.9%; P < 0.05), Cornell voltage (15.7% vs. 37.5%; P < 0.05), and Cornell product (9.8% vs. 34.4%; P < 0.01) were more frequent in a group of patients with composite events. Odd ratio for Cornell product was 4.819 (95% CI 1.486‐15.627). CONCLUSION: Patients with echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy who had positive Lewis voltage, Lyon‐Sokolow voltage, Cornell voltage, and Cornell product showed worse 15‐year outcome. The strongest predictor of cardiovascular events was positive result of Cornell product.