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Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications

Electrospinning is the leading technology to fabricate fibrous scaffolds that mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix of natural tissues. In order to improve the biological response, a consolidated trend involves the blending of synthetic polymers with natural proteins to form protein-ric...

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Autores principales: Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli, Varesano, Alessio, Vineis, Claudia, Guarino, Vincenzo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7463886/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727080
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081671
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author Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli
Varesano, Alessio
Vineis, Claudia
Guarino, Vincenzo
author_facet Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli
Varesano, Alessio
Vineis, Claudia
Guarino, Vincenzo
author_sort Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli
collection PubMed
description Electrospinning is the leading technology to fabricate fibrous scaffolds that mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix of natural tissues. In order to improve the biological response, a consolidated trend involves the blending of synthetic polymers with natural proteins to form protein-rich fibers that include selected biochemical cues able to more actively support in vitro cell interaction. In this study, we compared protein-rich fibers fabricated via electrospinning by the blending of poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) with three different proteins, i.e., gelatin, zein, and keratin, respectively. We demonstrated that the peculiar features of the proteins used significantly influence the morphological properties, in terms of fiber size and distribution. Moreover, keratin drastically enhances the fiber hydrophilicity (water contact angle equal to 44.3° ± 3.9°) with positive effects on cell interaction, as confirmed by the higher proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) until 7 days. By contrast, gelatin and zein not equally contribute to the fiber wettability (water contact angles equal to 95.2° ± 1.2° and 76.3° ± 4.0°, respectively) due to morphological constraints, i.e., broader fiber diameter distribution ascribable to the non-homogeneous presence of the protein along the fibers, or chemical constrains, i.e., large amount of non-polar amino acids. According to in vitro experimental studies, which included SEM and confocal microscopy analyses and vitality assay, we concluded that keratin is the most promising protein to be combined with PCL for the fabrication of biologically instructive fibers for in vitro applications.
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spelling pubmed-74638862020-09-04 Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli Varesano, Alessio Vineis, Claudia Guarino, Vincenzo Polymers (Basel) Article Electrospinning is the leading technology to fabricate fibrous scaffolds that mimic the architecture of the extracellular matrix of natural tissues. In order to improve the biological response, a consolidated trend involves the blending of synthetic polymers with natural proteins to form protein-rich fibers that include selected biochemical cues able to more actively support in vitro cell interaction. In this study, we compared protein-rich fibers fabricated via electrospinning by the blending of poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) with three different proteins, i.e., gelatin, zein, and keratin, respectively. We demonstrated that the peculiar features of the proteins used significantly influence the morphological properties, in terms of fiber size and distribution. Moreover, keratin drastically enhances the fiber hydrophilicity (water contact angle equal to 44.3° ± 3.9°) with positive effects on cell interaction, as confirmed by the higher proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) until 7 days. By contrast, gelatin and zein not equally contribute to the fiber wettability (water contact angles equal to 95.2° ± 1.2° and 76.3° ± 4.0°, respectively) due to morphological constraints, i.e., broader fiber diameter distribution ascribable to the non-homogeneous presence of the protein along the fibers, or chemical constrains, i.e., large amount of non-polar amino acids. According to in vitro experimental studies, which included SEM and confocal microscopy analyses and vitality assay, we concluded that keratin is the most promising protein to be combined with PCL for the fabrication of biologically instructive fibers for in vitro applications. MDPI 2020-07-27 /pmc/articles/PMC7463886/ /pubmed/32727080 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081671 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Cruz-Maya, Iriczalli
Varesano, Alessio
Vineis, Claudia
Guarino, Vincenzo
Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications
title Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications
title_full Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications
title_fullStr Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications
title_full_unstemmed Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications
title_short Comparative Study on Protein-Rich Electrospun Fibers for In Vitro Applications
title_sort comparative study on protein-rich electrospun fibers for in vitro applications
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7463886/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32727080
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081671
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