Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritab...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764272 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080891 |
_version_ | 1783577393697390592 |
---|---|
author | Röckel, Franco Moock, Carina Braun, Ulrike Schwander, Florian Cousins, Peter Maul, Erika Töpfer, Reinhard Hausmann, Ludger |
author_facet | Röckel, Franco Moock, Carina Braun, Ulrike Schwander, Florian Cousins, Peter Maul, Erika Töpfer, Reinhard Hausmann, Ludger |
author_sort | Röckel, Franco |
collection | PubMed |
description | Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood. Here we describe the association of the red-fleshed berry phenotype with a 408 bp repetitive DNA element in the promoter of the VvmybA1 gene (grapevine color enhancer, GCE). Three different clones of ‘Teinturier’ were discovered with two, three and five allelic GCE repeats (MybA1t2, MybA1t3 and MybA1t5). All three clones are periclinal chimeras; these clones share the same L1 layer, but have distinct L2 layers with different quantities of GCE repeats. Quantitative real time PCR and HPLC analysis of leaf and berry samples showed that the GCE repeat number strongly correlates with an increase of the expression of VvmybA1 itself and the VvUFGT gene regulated by it and the anthocyanin content. A model is proposed based on autoregulation of VvmybA1t to explain the red phenotype which is similar to that of red-fleshed apples. This study presents results about the generation and modes of action of three MybA1t alleles responsible for the red-fleshed berry phenotype of teinturier grapevines. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7464560 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74645602020-09-04 Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1 Röckel, Franco Moock, Carina Braun, Ulrike Schwander, Florian Cousins, Peter Maul, Erika Töpfer, Reinhard Hausmann, Ludger Genes (Basel) Article Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) teinturier cultivars are characterized by their typical reddish leaves and red-fleshed berries due to ectopic anthocyanin formation. Wines of these varieties have economic importance as they can be used for blending to enhance the color of red wines. The unique and heritable mutation has been known for a long time but the underlying genetic mechanism still is not yet understood. Here we describe the association of the red-fleshed berry phenotype with a 408 bp repetitive DNA element in the promoter of the VvmybA1 gene (grapevine color enhancer, GCE). Three different clones of ‘Teinturier’ were discovered with two, three and five allelic GCE repeats (MybA1t2, MybA1t3 and MybA1t5). All three clones are periclinal chimeras; these clones share the same L1 layer, but have distinct L2 layers with different quantities of GCE repeats. Quantitative real time PCR and HPLC analysis of leaf and berry samples showed that the GCE repeat number strongly correlates with an increase of the expression of VvmybA1 itself and the VvUFGT gene regulated by it and the anthocyanin content. A model is proposed based on autoregulation of VvmybA1t to explain the red phenotype which is similar to that of red-fleshed apples. This study presents results about the generation and modes of action of three MybA1t alleles responsible for the red-fleshed berry phenotype of teinturier grapevines. MDPI 2020-08-05 /pmc/articles/PMC7464560/ /pubmed/32764272 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080891 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Röckel, Franco Moock, Carina Braun, Ulrike Schwander, Florian Cousins, Peter Maul, Erika Töpfer, Reinhard Hausmann, Ludger Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1 |
title | Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1 |
title_full | Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1 |
title_fullStr | Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1 |
title_full_unstemmed | Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1 |
title_short | Color Intensity of the Red-Fleshed Berry Phenotype of Vitis vinifera Teinturier Grapes Varies Due to a 408 bp Duplication in the Promoter of VvmybA1 |
title_sort | color intensity of the red-fleshed berry phenotype of vitis vinifera teinturier grapes varies due to a 408 bp duplication in the promoter of vvmyba1 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464560/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32764272 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080891 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT rockelfranco colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 AT moockcarina colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 AT braunulrike colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 AT schwanderflorian colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 AT cousinspeter colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 AT maulerika colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 AT topferreinhard colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 AT hausmannludger colorintensityoftheredfleshedberryphenotypeofvitisviniferateinturiergrapesvariesduetoa408bpduplicationinthepromoterofvvmyba1 |