Oxalic Acid as a Hydrogen Donor for the Hydrodesulfurization of Gas Oil and Deoxygenation of Rapeseed Oil Using Phonolite-Based Catalysts

The use of renewable local raw materials to produce fuels is an important step toward optimal environmentally friendly energy consumption. In addition, the use of these sources together with fossil fuels paves the way to an easier transition from fossil to renewable fuels. The use of simple organic acids as hydrogen donors is another alternative way to produce fuel. The present work reports the use of oxalic acid as a hydrogen donor for the catalytic hydrodesulfurization of atmospheric gas oil and the deoxygenation of rapeseed oil at 350 °C. For this process, one commercial NiW/SiO(2)–Al(2)O(3) solid and two NiW/modified phonolite catalysts were used, namely Ni (5%) W (10%)/phonolite treated with HCl, and Ni (5%) W (10%)/phonolite treated with oxalic acid. The fresh phonolite catalysts were characterized by Hg porosimetry and N(2) physisorption, ammonia temperature programmed desorption (NH(3)-TPD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The sulfided metal phonolite catalysts were characterized by XRD and XRF. Hydrodesulfurization led to a decrease in sulfur content from 1 to 0.5 wt% for the phonolite catalysts and to 0.8 wt% when the commercial catalyst was used. Deoxygenation led to the production of 15 and 65 wt% paraffin for phonolite and commercial solids, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of using oxalic acid as a hydrogen donor in hydrotreating reactions.