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Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention

Acute kidney injury (AKI), a critical syndrome characterized by a sudden reduction of renal function, is a common disorder among elderly patients particularly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). AKI is closely associated with both short- and long-term mortality and length of hospital stay and is considere...

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Autores principales: Infante, Barbara, Franzin, Rossana, Madio, Desirèe, Calvaruso, Martina, Maiorano, Annamaria, Sangregorio, Fabio, Netti, Giuseppe Stefano, Ranieri, Elena, Gesualdo, Loreto, Castellano, Giuseppe, Stallone, Giovanni
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784471
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082574
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author Infante, Barbara
Franzin, Rossana
Madio, Desirèe
Calvaruso, Martina
Maiorano, Annamaria
Sangregorio, Fabio
Netti, Giuseppe Stefano
Ranieri, Elena
Gesualdo, Loreto
Castellano, Giuseppe
Stallone, Giovanni
author_facet Infante, Barbara
Franzin, Rossana
Madio, Desirèe
Calvaruso, Martina
Maiorano, Annamaria
Sangregorio, Fabio
Netti, Giuseppe Stefano
Ranieri, Elena
Gesualdo, Loreto
Castellano, Giuseppe
Stallone, Giovanni
author_sort Infante, Barbara
collection PubMed
description Acute kidney injury (AKI), a critical syndrome characterized by a sudden reduction of renal function, is a common disorder among elderly patients particularly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). AKI is closely associated with both short- and long-term mortality and length of hospital stay and is considered a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specific hemodynamic, metabolic, and molecular changes lead to increased susceptibility to injury in the aged kidney; therefore, certain causes of AKI such as the prerenal reduction in renal perfusion or vascular obstructive conditions are more common in the elderly; moreover, AKI is often multifactorial and iatrogenic. Older patients present several comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure) and are exposed to multiple medical interventions such as the use of nephrotoxic contrasts media and medications, which can also trigger AKI. Considering the emerging relevance of this condition, prevention and treatment of AKI in the elderly should be crucial in the internist and emergency setting. This review article summarizes the incidence, the risk factors, the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanisms and the strategies of prevention and treatment of AKI in elderly patients.
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spelling pubmed-74648952020-09-04 Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention Infante, Barbara Franzin, Rossana Madio, Desirèe Calvaruso, Martina Maiorano, Annamaria Sangregorio, Fabio Netti, Giuseppe Stefano Ranieri, Elena Gesualdo, Loreto Castellano, Giuseppe Stallone, Giovanni J Clin Med Review Acute kidney injury (AKI), a critical syndrome characterized by a sudden reduction of renal function, is a common disorder among elderly patients particularly in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). AKI is closely associated with both short- and long-term mortality and length of hospital stay and is considered a predictor of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specific hemodynamic, metabolic, and molecular changes lead to increased susceptibility to injury in the aged kidney; therefore, certain causes of AKI such as the prerenal reduction in renal perfusion or vascular obstructive conditions are more common in the elderly; moreover, AKI is often multifactorial and iatrogenic. Older patients present several comorbidities (diabetes, hypertension, heart failure) and are exposed to multiple medical interventions such as the use of nephrotoxic contrasts media and medications, which can also trigger AKI. Considering the emerging relevance of this condition, prevention and treatment of AKI in the elderly should be crucial in the internist and emergency setting. This review article summarizes the incidence, the risk factors, the pathophysiology, the molecular mechanisms and the strategies of prevention and treatment of AKI in elderly patients. MDPI 2020-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC7464895/ /pubmed/32784471 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082574 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Infante, Barbara
Franzin, Rossana
Madio, Desirèe
Calvaruso, Martina
Maiorano, Annamaria
Sangregorio, Fabio
Netti, Giuseppe Stefano
Ranieri, Elena
Gesualdo, Loreto
Castellano, Giuseppe
Stallone, Giovanni
Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention
title Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention
title_full Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention
title_fullStr Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention
title_short Molecular Mechanisms of AKI in the Elderly: From Animal Models to Therapeutic Intervention
title_sort molecular mechanisms of aki in the elderly: from animal models to therapeutic intervention
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464895/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32784471
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082574
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