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Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach
Electron microscopy has proved to be a major tool to study the structure of self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer particles. These specimens, like supramolecular biological structures, are problematic for electron microscopy because of their poor capacity to scatter electrons and their suscepti...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722462 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081656 |
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author | Tkachenko, Vitalii Vidal, Loïc Josien, Ludovic Schmutz, Marc Poly, Julien Chemtob, Abraham |
author_facet | Tkachenko, Vitalii Vidal, Loïc Josien, Ludovic Schmutz, Marc Poly, Julien Chemtob, Abraham |
author_sort | Tkachenko, Vitalii |
collection | PubMed |
description | Electron microscopy has proved to be a major tool to study the structure of self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer particles. These specimens, like supramolecular biological structures, are problematic for electron microscopy because of their poor capacity to scatter electrons and their susceptibility to radiation damage and dehydration. Sub-50 nm core-shell spherical particles made up of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)–b–poly(styrene) are prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). For their morphological characterization, we discuss the advantages, limitations, and artefacts of TEM with or without staining, cryo-TEM, and SEM. A number of technical points are addressed such as precisely shaping of particle boundaries, resolving the particle shell, differentiating particle core and shell, and the effect of sample drying and staining. TEM without staining and cryo-TEM largely evaluate the core diameter. Negative staining TEM is more efficient than positive staining TEM to preserve native structure and to visualize the entire particle volume. However, no technique allows for a satisfactory imaging of both core and shell regions. The presence of long protruding chains is manifested by patched structure in cryo-TEM and a significant edge effect in SEM. This manuscript provides a basis for polymer chemists to develop their own specimen preparations and to tackle the interpretation of challenging systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7464915 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74649152020-09-04 Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach Tkachenko, Vitalii Vidal, Loïc Josien, Ludovic Schmutz, Marc Poly, Julien Chemtob, Abraham Polymers (Basel) Article Electron microscopy has proved to be a major tool to study the structure of self-assembled amphiphilic block copolymer particles. These specimens, like supramolecular biological structures, are problematic for electron microscopy because of their poor capacity to scatter electrons and their susceptibility to radiation damage and dehydration. Sub-50 nm core-shell spherical particles made up of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate)–b–poly(styrene) are prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA). For their morphological characterization, we discuss the advantages, limitations, and artefacts of TEM with or without staining, cryo-TEM, and SEM. A number of technical points are addressed such as precisely shaping of particle boundaries, resolving the particle shell, differentiating particle core and shell, and the effect of sample drying and staining. TEM without staining and cryo-TEM largely evaluate the core diameter. Negative staining TEM is more efficient than positive staining TEM to preserve native structure and to visualize the entire particle volume. However, no technique allows for a satisfactory imaging of both core and shell regions. The presence of long protruding chains is manifested by patched structure in cryo-TEM and a significant edge effect in SEM. This manuscript provides a basis for polymer chemists to develop their own specimen preparations and to tackle the interpretation of challenging systems. MDPI 2020-07-25 /pmc/articles/PMC7464915/ /pubmed/32722462 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081656 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tkachenko, Vitalii Vidal, Loïc Josien, Ludovic Schmutz, Marc Poly, Julien Chemtob, Abraham Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach |
title | Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach |
title_full | Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach |
title_fullStr | Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach |
title_short | Characterizing the Core-Shell Architecture of Block Copolymer Nanoparticles with Electron Microscopy: A Multi-Technique Approach |
title_sort | characterizing the core-shell architecture of block copolymer nanoparticles with electron microscopy: a multi-technique approach |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7464915/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722462 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081656 |
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