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State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials

Most of the polymers used as biomaterials for scaffolds are naturally occurring, synthetic biodegradable, and synthetic non-biodegradable polymers. Since synthetic polymers can be adapted for obtaining singular desired characteristics by applying various fabrication techniques, their use has increas...

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Autores principales: Toledano, Manuel, Toledano-Osorio, Manuel, Carrasco-Carmona, Álvaro, Vallecillo, Cristina, Toledano, Raquel, Medina-Castillo, Antonio Luis, Osorio, Raquel
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32824577
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081845
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author Toledano, Manuel
Toledano-Osorio, Manuel
Carrasco-Carmona, Álvaro
Vallecillo, Cristina
Toledano, Raquel
Medina-Castillo, Antonio Luis
Osorio, Raquel
author_facet Toledano, Manuel
Toledano-Osorio, Manuel
Carrasco-Carmona, Álvaro
Vallecillo, Cristina
Toledano, Raquel
Medina-Castillo, Antonio Luis
Osorio, Raquel
author_sort Toledano, Manuel
collection PubMed
description Most of the polymers used as biomaterials for scaffolds are naturally occurring, synthetic biodegradable, and synthetic non-biodegradable polymers. Since synthetic polymers can be adapted for obtaining singular desired characteristics by applying various fabrication techniques, their use has increased in the biomedical field, in dentistry in particular. The manufacturing methods of these new structures include many processes, such as electrospinning, 3D printing, or the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Synthetic polymers show several drawbacks that can limit their use in clinical applications, such as the lack of cellular recognition, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, concerning biodegradable polymers, the time for matrix resorption is not predictable, and non-resorbable matrices are preferred for soft tissue augmentation in the oral cavity. This review aimed to determine a new biomaterial to offset the present shortcomings in the oral environment. Researchers have recently proposed a novel non-resorbable composite membrane manufactured via electrospinning that has allowed obtaining remarkable in vivo outcomes concerning angiogenesis and immunomodulation throughout the polarization of macrophages. A prototype of the protocol for in vitro and in vivo experimentation with hydrogels is explained in order to encourage innovation into the development of promising biomaterials for soft tissue augmentation in the near future.
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spelling pubmed-74650382020-09-04 State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials Toledano, Manuel Toledano-Osorio, Manuel Carrasco-Carmona, Álvaro Vallecillo, Cristina Toledano, Raquel Medina-Castillo, Antonio Luis Osorio, Raquel Polymers (Basel) Review Most of the polymers used as biomaterials for scaffolds are naturally occurring, synthetic biodegradable, and synthetic non-biodegradable polymers. Since synthetic polymers can be adapted for obtaining singular desired characteristics by applying various fabrication techniques, their use has increased in the biomedical field, in dentistry in particular. The manufacturing methods of these new structures include many processes, such as electrospinning, 3D printing, or the use of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Synthetic polymers show several drawbacks that can limit their use in clinical applications, such as the lack of cellular recognition, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Moreover, concerning biodegradable polymers, the time for matrix resorption is not predictable, and non-resorbable matrices are preferred for soft tissue augmentation in the oral cavity. This review aimed to determine a new biomaterial to offset the present shortcomings in the oral environment. Researchers have recently proposed a novel non-resorbable composite membrane manufactured via electrospinning that has allowed obtaining remarkable in vivo outcomes concerning angiogenesis and immunomodulation throughout the polarization of macrophages. A prototype of the protocol for in vitro and in vivo experimentation with hydrogels is explained in order to encourage innovation into the development of promising biomaterials for soft tissue augmentation in the near future. MDPI 2020-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7465038/ /pubmed/32824577 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081845 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Toledano, Manuel
Toledano-Osorio, Manuel
Carrasco-Carmona, Álvaro
Vallecillo, Cristina
Toledano, Raquel
Medina-Castillo, Antonio Luis
Osorio, Raquel
State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials
title State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials
title_full State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials
title_fullStr State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials
title_full_unstemmed State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials
title_short State of the Art on Biomaterials for Soft Tissue Augmentation in the Oral Cavity. Part II: Synthetic Polymers-Based Biomaterials
title_sort state of the art on biomaterials for soft tissue augmentation in the oral cavity. part ii: synthetic polymers-based biomaterials
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465038/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32824577
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12081845
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