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Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies

Many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular (AMD) degeneration, are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS are important intracellular signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological actions, including vascular reactivit...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ruan, Yue, Jiang, Subao, Musayeva, Aytan, Gericke, Adrian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32824523
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080761
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author Ruan, Yue
Jiang, Subao
Musayeva, Aytan
Gericke, Adrian
author_facet Ruan, Yue
Jiang, Subao
Musayeva, Aytan
Gericke, Adrian
author_sort Ruan, Yue
collection PubMed
description Many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular (AMD) degeneration, are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS are important intracellular signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological actions, including vascular reactivity and neuron function. However, excessive ROS formation has been linked to vascular endothelial dysfunction, neuron degeneration, and inflammation in the retina. ROS can directly modify cellular molecules and impair their function. Moreover, ROS can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) causing inflammation and cell death. However, there are various compounds with direct or indirect antioxidant activity that have been used to reduce ROS accumulation in animal models and humans. In this review, we report on the physiological and pathophysiological role of ROS in the retina with a special focus on the vascular system. Moreover, we present therapeutic approaches for individual retinal diseases targeting retinal signaling pathways involving ROS.
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spelling pubmed-74652652020-09-04 Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies Ruan, Yue Jiang, Subao Musayeva, Aytan Gericke, Adrian Antioxidants (Basel) Review Many retinal diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular (AMD) degeneration, are associated with elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS are important intracellular signaling molecules that regulate numerous physiological actions, including vascular reactivity and neuron function. However, excessive ROS formation has been linked to vascular endothelial dysfunction, neuron degeneration, and inflammation in the retina. ROS can directly modify cellular molecules and impair their function. Moreover, ROS can stimulate the production of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) causing inflammation and cell death. However, there are various compounds with direct or indirect antioxidant activity that have been used to reduce ROS accumulation in animal models and humans. In this review, we report on the physiological and pathophysiological role of ROS in the retina with a special focus on the vascular system. Moreover, we present therapeutic approaches for individual retinal diseases targeting retinal signaling pathways involving ROS. MDPI 2020-08-17 /pmc/articles/PMC7465265/ /pubmed/32824523 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080761 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Ruan, Yue
Jiang, Subao
Musayeva, Aytan
Gericke, Adrian
Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies
title Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies
title_full Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies
title_short Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction in the Retina: Therapeutic Strategies
title_sort oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction in the retina: therapeutic strategies
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7465265/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32824523
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080761
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