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Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii
The suborder Notothenioidae is comprised of Antarctic fishes, several of which have lost their ability to rapidly upregulate heat shock proteins in response to thermal stress, instead adopting a pattern of expression resembling constitutive genes. Given the cold-denaturing effect that sub-zero water...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7466066/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751814 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080867 |
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author | Tercero, Anthony D. Place, Sean P. |
author_facet | Tercero, Anthony D. Place, Sean P. |
author_sort | Tercero, Anthony D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The suborder Notothenioidae is comprised of Antarctic fishes, several of which have lost their ability to rapidly upregulate heat shock proteins in response to thermal stress, instead adopting a pattern of expression resembling constitutive genes. Given the cold-denaturing effect that sub-zero waters have on proteins, evolution in the Southern Ocean has likely selected for increased expression of molecular chaperones. These selective pressures may have also enabled retention of gene duplicates, bolstering quantitative output of cytosolic heat shock proteins (HSPs). Given that newly duplicated genes are under more relaxed selection, it is plausible that gene duplication enabled altered regulation of such highly conserved genes. To test for evidence of gene duplication, copy number of various isoforms within major heat shock gene families were characterized via qPCR and compared between the Antarctic notothen, Trematomus bernacchii, which lost the inducible heat shock response, and the non-Antarctic notothen, Notothenia angustata, which maintains an inducible heat shock response. The results indicate duplication of isoforms within the hsp70 and hsp40 super families have occurred in the genome of T. bernacchii. The findings suggest gene duplications may have been critical in maintaining protein folding efficiency in the sub-zero waters and provided an evolutionary mechanism of alternative regulation of these conserved gene families. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7466066 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74660662020-09-14 Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii Tercero, Anthony D. Place, Sean P. Genes (Basel) Article The suborder Notothenioidae is comprised of Antarctic fishes, several of which have lost their ability to rapidly upregulate heat shock proteins in response to thermal stress, instead adopting a pattern of expression resembling constitutive genes. Given the cold-denaturing effect that sub-zero waters have on proteins, evolution in the Southern Ocean has likely selected for increased expression of molecular chaperones. These selective pressures may have also enabled retention of gene duplicates, bolstering quantitative output of cytosolic heat shock proteins (HSPs). Given that newly duplicated genes are under more relaxed selection, it is plausible that gene duplication enabled altered regulation of such highly conserved genes. To test for evidence of gene duplication, copy number of various isoforms within major heat shock gene families were characterized via qPCR and compared between the Antarctic notothen, Trematomus bernacchii, which lost the inducible heat shock response, and the non-Antarctic notothen, Notothenia angustata, which maintains an inducible heat shock response. The results indicate duplication of isoforms within the hsp70 and hsp40 super families have occurred in the genome of T. bernacchii. The findings suggest gene duplications may have been critical in maintaining protein folding efficiency in the sub-zero waters and provided an evolutionary mechanism of alternative regulation of these conserved gene families. MDPI 2020-07-31 /pmc/articles/PMC7466066/ /pubmed/32751814 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080867 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Tercero, Anthony D. Place, Sean P. Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii |
title | Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii |
title_full | Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii |
title_fullStr | Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii |
title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii |
title_short | Characterizing Gene Copy Number of Heat Shock Protein Gene Families in the Emerald Rockcod, Trematomus bernacchii |
title_sort | characterizing gene copy number of heat shock protein gene families in the emerald rockcod, trematomus bernacchii |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7466066/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32751814 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11080867 |
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