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A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages
Mycoviruses infect fungi, and while most persist asymptomatically, there are examples of mycoviruses having both beneficial and detrimental effects on their host. Virus-infected Saccharomyces and Ustilago strains exhibit a killer phenotype conferring a growth advantage over uninfected strains and ot...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Society for Microbiology
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468202/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01534-20 |
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author | Applen Clancey, Shelly Ruchti, Fiorella LeibundGut-Landmann, Salomé Heitman, Joseph Ianiri, Giuseppe |
author_facet | Applen Clancey, Shelly Ruchti, Fiorella LeibundGut-Landmann, Salomé Heitman, Joseph Ianiri, Giuseppe |
author_sort | Applen Clancey, Shelly |
collection | PubMed |
description | Mycoviruses infect fungi, and while most persist asymptomatically, there are examples of mycoviruses having both beneficial and detrimental effects on their host. Virus-infected Saccharomyces and Ustilago strains exhibit a killer phenotype conferring a growth advantage over uninfected strains and other competing yeast species, whereas hypovirus-infected Cryphonectria parasitica displays defects in growth, sporulation, and virulence. In this study, we identify a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus in five Malassezia species. Sequence analysis reveals it to be a totivirus with two dsRNA segments: a larger 4.5-kb segment with genes encoding components for viral replication and maintenance, and a smaller 1.4-kb segment encoding a novel protein. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of virus-infected versus virus-cured Malassezia sympodialis revealed an upregulation of dozens of ribosomal components in the cell, suggesting the virus modifies the transcriptional and translational landscapes of the cell. Given that Malassezia is the most abundant fungus on human skin, we assessed the impact of the mycovirus in a murine epicutaneous infection model. Although infection with virus-infected strains was not associated with an increased inflammatory response, we did observe enhanced skin colonization in one of two virus-infected M. sympodialis strains. Noteworthy, beta interferon expression was significantly upregulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages when challenged with virus-infected, compared to virus-cured, M. sympodialis, suggesting that the presence of the virus can induce an immunological response. Although many recent studies have illuminated how widespread mycoviruses are, there are relatively few in-depth studies about their impact on disease caused by the host fungus. We describe here a novel mycovirus in Malassezia and its possible implications in pathogenicity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7468202 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74682022020-09-09 A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages Applen Clancey, Shelly Ruchti, Fiorella LeibundGut-Landmann, Salomé Heitman, Joseph Ianiri, Giuseppe mBio Research Article Mycoviruses infect fungi, and while most persist asymptomatically, there are examples of mycoviruses having both beneficial and detrimental effects on their host. Virus-infected Saccharomyces and Ustilago strains exhibit a killer phenotype conferring a growth advantage over uninfected strains and other competing yeast species, whereas hypovirus-infected Cryphonectria parasitica displays defects in growth, sporulation, and virulence. In this study, we identify a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mycovirus in five Malassezia species. Sequence analysis reveals it to be a totivirus with two dsRNA segments: a larger 4.5-kb segment with genes encoding components for viral replication and maintenance, and a smaller 1.4-kb segment encoding a novel protein. Furthermore, transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) of virus-infected versus virus-cured Malassezia sympodialis revealed an upregulation of dozens of ribosomal components in the cell, suggesting the virus modifies the transcriptional and translational landscapes of the cell. Given that Malassezia is the most abundant fungus on human skin, we assessed the impact of the mycovirus in a murine epicutaneous infection model. Although infection with virus-infected strains was not associated with an increased inflammatory response, we did observe enhanced skin colonization in one of two virus-infected M. sympodialis strains. Noteworthy, beta interferon expression was significantly upregulated in bone marrow-derived macrophages when challenged with virus-infected, compared to virus-cured, M. sympodialis, suggesting that the presence of the virus can induce an immunological response. Although many recent studies have illuminated how widespread mycoviruses are, there are relatively few in-depth studies about their impact on disease caused by the host fungus. We describe here a novel mycovirus in Malassezia and its possible implications in pathogenicity. American Society for Microbiology 2020-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7468202/ /pubmed/32873760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01534-20 Text en Copyright © 2020 Applen Clancey et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Research Article Applen Clancey, Shelly Ruchti, Fiorella LeibundGut-Landmann, Salomé Heitman, Joseph Ianiri, Giuseppe A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages |
title | A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages |
title_full | A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages |
title_fullStr | A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages |
title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages |
title_short | A Novel Mycovirus Evokes Transcriptional Rewiring in the Fungus Malassezia and Stimulates Beta Interferon Production in Macrophages |
title_sort | novel mycovirus evokes transcriptional rewiring in the fungus malassezia and stimulates beta interferon production in macrophages |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468202/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32873760 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mBio.01534-20 |
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