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Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness

Human lateral preferences, such as handedness and footedness, have interested researchers for decades due to their pronounced asymmetries at the population level. While there are good estimates on the prevalence of handedness in the population, there is no large-scale estimation on the prevalence of...

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Autores principales: Packheiser, Julian, Schmitz, Judith, Berretz, Gesa, Carey, David P., Paracchini, Silvia, Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta, Ocklenburg, Sebastian
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32879356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71478-w
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author Packheiser, Julian
Schmitz, Judith
Berretz, Gesa
Carey, David P.
Paracchini, Silvia
Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta
Ocklenburg, Sebastian
author_facet Packheiser, Julian
Schmitz, Judith
Berretz, Gesa
Carey, David P.
Paracchini, Silvia
Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta
Ocklenburg, Sebastian
author_sort Packheiser, Julian
collection PubMed
description Human lateral preferences, such as handedness and footedness, have interested researchers for decades due to their pronounced asymmetries at the population level. While there are good estimates on the prevalence of handedness in the population, there is no large-scale estimation on the prevalence of footedness. Furthermore, the relationship between footedness and handedness still remains elusive. Here, we conducted meta-analyses with four different classification systems for footedness on 145,135 individuals across 164 studies including new data from the ALSPAC cohort. The study aimed to determine a reliable point estimate of footedness, to study the association between footedness and handedness, and to investigate moderating factors influencing footedness. We showed that the prevalence of atypical footedness ranges between 12.10% using the most conservative criterion of left-footedness to 23.7% including all left- and mixed-footers as a single non-right category. As many as 60.1% of left-handers were left-footed whereas only 3.2% of right-handers were left-footed. Males were 4.1% more often non-right-footed compared to females. Individuals with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders exhibited a higher prevalence of non-right-footedness. Furthermore, the presence of mixed-footedness was higher in children compared to adults and left-footedness was increased in athletes compared to the general population. Finally, we showed that footedness is only marginally influenced by cultural and social factors, which play a crucial role in the determination of handedness. Overall, this study provides new and useful reference data for laterality research. Furthermore, the data suggest that footedness is a valuable phenotype for the study of lateral motor biases, its underlying genetics and neurodevelopment.
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spelling pubmed-74682972020-09-04 Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness Packheiser, Julian Schmitz, Judith Berretz, Gesa Carey, David P. Paracchini, Silvia Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta Ocklenburg, Sebastian Sci Rep Article Human lateral preferences, such as handedness and footedness, have interested researchers for decades due to their pronounced asymmetries at the population level. While there are good estimates on the prevalence of handedness in the population, there is no large-scale estimation on the prevalence of footedness. Furthermore, the relationship between footedness and handedness still remains elusive. Here, we conducted meta-analyses with four different classification systems for footedness on 145,135 individuals across 164 studies including new data from the ALSPAC cohort. The study aimed to determine a reliable point estimate of footedness, to study the association between footedness and handedness, and to investigate moderating factors influencing footedness. We showed that the prevalence of atypical footedness ranges between 12.10% using the most conservative criterion of left-footedness to 23.7% including all left- and mixed-footers as a single non-right category. As many as 60.1% of left-handers were left-footed whereas only 3.2% of right-handers were left-footed. Males were 4.1% more often non-right-footed compared to females. Individuals with psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders exhibited a higher prevalence of non-right-footedness. Furthermore, the presence of mixed-footedness was higher in children compared to adults and left-footedness was increased in athletes compared to the general population. Finally, we showed that footedness is only marginally influenced by cultural and social factors, which play a crucial role in the determination of handedness. Overall, this study provides new and useful reference data for laterality research. Furthermore, the data suggest that footedness is a valuable phenotype for the study of lateral motor biases, its underlying genetics and neurodevelopment. Nature Publishing Group UK 2020-09-02 /pmc/articles/PMC7468297/ /pubmed/32879356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71478-w Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Article
Packheiser, Julian
Schmitz, Judith
Berretz, Gesa
Carey, David P.
Paracchini, Silvia
Papadatou-Pastou, Marietta
Ocklenburg, Sebastian
Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness
title Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness
title_full Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness
title_fullStr Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness
title_full_unstemmed Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness
title_short Four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness
title_sort four meta-analyses across 164 studies on atypical footedness prevalence and its relation to handedness
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468297/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32879356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-71478-w
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