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Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012
Background: China’s diet transition might offer guidance to undeveloped countries on the way to prosperity. This report describes the trends and disparities in energy and macronutrient composition among Chinese adults, and between subpopulations. Methods: Data for the current study were obtained fro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2020
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32707793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082168 |
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author | Zhu, Zhenni Yang, Xiaoguang Fang, Yuehui Zhang, Jian Yang, Zhenyu Wang, Zhu Liu, Ailing He, Li Sun, Jing Lian, Yiyao Ding, Gangqiang He, Yuna |
author_facet | Zhu, Zhenni Yang, Xiaoguang Fang, Yuehui Zhang, Jian Yang, Zhenyu Wang, Zhu Liu, Ailing He, Li Sun, Jing Lian, Yiyao Ding, Gangqiang He, Yuna |
author_sort | Zhu, Zhenni |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: China’s diet transition might offer guidance to undeveloped countries on the way to prosperity. This report describes the trends and disparities in energy and macronutrient composition among Chinese adults, and between subpopulations. Methods: Data for the current study were obtained from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2010–2012 China National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) rounds, which were nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. We applied 24-h dietary recall and food weighing to assess dietary intake. Results: There were 204,877 participants aged 20 years or older included in the current analysis. From 1982 to 2012, the estimated energy intake declined from 2614.7 kcal to 2063.9 kcal. The trend in the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat showed a spike. It increased from 16.3% to 33.1% (1992 vs. 1982 difference, 7.6%; 95% CI 7.4% to 7.7%; 2002 vs. 1992 difference, 7.7%; 95% CI 7.6% to 7.9%; 2012 vs. 2002 difference, 1.6%; 95% CI 1.4% to 1.7%; p < 0.01 for trend). The trends coincided in all the subgroups (all p < 0.01 for trend) except for the subgroup of those educated over 15 years, whose percentage of energy intake from fat declined from 37.4% to 36.6% (2012 vs. 2002 difference, −0.8%; 95% CI −1.6% to 0.0%). The estimated percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates declined from 74.0% to 55.0%. The ranges of the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat, within population subgroups stratified by education level, area and Gross national product (GNP) level, were narrowed. Conclusions: Quick improvements in society and the economy effectively curbed undernutrition, but easily triggered overnutrition. Disparities persistently existed between different subpopulations, while the gaps would narrow if comprehensive efforts were made. Education might be a promising way to prevent overnutrition during prosperous progress. The low-social profile populations require specific interventions so as to avoid further disease burdens. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-7468974 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2020 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-74689742020-09-04 Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012 Zhu, Zhenni Yang, Xiaoguang Fang, Yuehui Zhang, Jian Yang, Zhenyu Wang, Zhu Liu, Ailing He, Li Sun, Jing Lian, Yiyao Ding, Gangqiang He, Yuna Nutrients Article Background: China’s diet transition might offer guidance to undeveloped countries on the way to prosperity. This report describes the trends and disparities in energy and macronutrient composition among Chinese adults, and between subpopulations. Methods: Data for the current study were obtained from the 1982, 1992, 2002, and 2010–2012 China National Nutrition Survey (CNNS) rounds, which were nationally representative cross-sectional surveys. We applied 24-h dietary recall and food weighing to assess dietary intake. Results: There were 204,877 participants aged 20 years or older included in the current analysis. From 1982 to 2012, the estimated energy intake declined from 2614.7 kcal to 2063.9 kcal. The trend in the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat showed a spike. It increased from 16.3% to 33.1% (1992 vs. 1982 difference, 7.6%; 95% CI 7.4% to 7.7%; 2002 vs. 1992 difference, 7.7%; 95% CI 7.6% to 7.9%; 2012 vs. 2002 difference, 1.6%; 95% CI 1.4% to 1.7%; p < 0.01 for trend). The trends coincided in all the subgroups (all p < 0.01 for trend) except for the subgroup of those educated over 15 years, whose percentage of energy intake from fat declined from 37.4% to 36.6% (2012 vs. 2002 difference, −0.8%; 95% CI −1.6% to 0.0%). The estimated percentage of energy intake from carbohydrates declined from 74.0% to 55.0%. The ranges of the estimated percentage of energy intake from fat, within population subgroups stratified by education level, area and Gross national product (GNP) level, were narrowed. Conclusions: Quick improvements in society and the economy effectively curbed undernutrition, but easily triggered overnutrition. Disparities persistently existed between different subpopulations, while the gaps would narrow if comprehensive efforts were made. Education might be a promising way to prevent overnutrition during prosperous progress. The low-social profile populations require specific interventions so as to avoid further disease burdens. MDPI 2020-07-22 /pmc/articles/PMC7468974/ /pubmed/32707793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082168 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Zhu, Zhenni Yang, Xiaoguang Fang, Yuehui Zhang, Jian Yang, Zhenyu Wang, Zhu Liu, Ailing He, Li Sun, Jing Lian, Yiyao Ding, Gangqiang He, Yuna Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012 |
title | Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012 |
title_full | Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012 |
title_fullStr | Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012 |
title_full_unstemmed | Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012 |
title_short | Trends and Disparities of Energy Intake and Macronutrient Composition in China: A Series of National Surveys, 1982–2012 |
title_sort | trends and disparities of energy intake and macronutrient composition in china: a series of national surveys, 1982–2012 |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7468974/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32707793 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12082168 |
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