New Approach to Dehydration of Xylose to 2-Furfuraldehyde Using a Mesoporous Niobium-Based Catalyst

[Image: see text] Furfural chemistry is one of the most promising platforms directly derived from lignocellulose biomass. In this study, a niobium-based catalyst (mNb-bc) was synthesized by a new fast and simple method. This new method uses microemulsion to obtain a catalyst with a high specific surface area (340 m(2) g(–1)), defined mesoporosity, and high acidity (65 μmol g(–1)). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that mNb-bc has a rough surface. The mNb-bc was used to catalyze the conversion reaction of xylose into 2-furfuraldehyde in a monophasic system using water as a green solvent. This reaction was investigated using a 2(3) experimental design by varying the temperature, time, and catalyst-to-xylose ratio (CXR). The responses evaluated were xylose conversion (X(c)), reaction yield (Y), and selectivity to 2-furfuraldehyde (S). The optimized reaction conditions were used to evaluate the reaction kinetics. At milder reaction conditions of 140 °C, 2 h, and a CXR of 10%, mNb-bc led to an X(c) value of 41.2%, an S value of 77.1%, and a Y value of 31.8%.