Cargando…

How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?

SIMPLE SUMMARY: To better understand the feeding mechanism of Erthesina fullo, the fine structure of the mouthparts is examined with scanning electron microscopy, and feeding performance are observed directly under laboratory conditions for the first time. The adult feeding process involves several...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Wang, Yan, Dai, Wu
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7469201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080503
_version_ 1783578380960006144
author Wang, Yan
Dai, Wu
author_facet Wang, Yan
Dai, Wu
author_sort Wang, Yan
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: To better understand the feeding mechanism of Erthesina fullo, the fine structure of the mouthparts is examined with scanning electron microscopy, and feeding performance are observed directly under laboratory conditions for the first time. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host plant epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. Proceeding from labium towards the mandibular stylets, the movement pattern becomes increasingly stereotypical, including the sensilla on the tip of the labium probing, the labium making an elbow-like bend between the first and second segment, the base of the stylet fascicle housing in the groove of the labrum, the mandibular stylets penetrating the site and maxillary stylets feeding. The morphology of mouthparts is similar to those of other Heteroptera. The four-segmented labium has eleven types of sensilla. The mandibular stylet tips have two nodules preapically on the convex external surface. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the phytophagous feeding habit in this species. This study increases the available detailed morphological and behavioral data for Hemiptera and will potentially contribute to improving our understanding of this pest’s feeding behavior and sensory mechanisms. ABSTRACT: The yellow marmorated stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783), is a major pest of certain tree fruits in Northeast Asia. To better understand the feeding mechanism of E. fullo, the fine structure of the mouthparts, including the distribution and abundance of sensilla, are examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their functions are observed directly under laboratory conditions. The feeding performance is described in detail and illustrated for the first time. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host plant epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. Proceeding from labium towards the mandibular stylets, the movement pattern becomes increasingly stereotypical, including the sensilla on the tip of the labium probing, the labium making an elbow-like bend between the first and second segment, the base of the stylet fascicle housing in the groove of the labrum, the mandibular stylets penetrating the site and maxillary stylets feeding. In terms of morphology, the mouthparts are similar to those of other Heteroptera, consisting of a triangular pyramidal labrum, a tube-like and segmented labium with a deep groove on the anterior side, and a stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets. The four-segmented labium has five types of sensilla basiconica, three types of sensilla trichodea, two types of sensilla campaniformia and 1 type of sensilla coeloconica. Among them, sensilla trichodea one and sensilla basiconica one are most abundant. The tripartite apex of the labium is covered with abundant sensilla trichodea three and a few sensilla basiconica 5. The mandibular stylet tips have two nodules preapically on the dorsal margin of the convex external surface, which may help in penetrating plant tissue and anchoring the mouthparts. The externally smooth maxillary stylets interlock to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the phytophagous feeding habit in this species. Similarities and differences between the mouthparts of E. fullo and those of other Heteroptera are discussed.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-7469201
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2020
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-74692012020-09-17 How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo? Wang, Yan Dai, Wu Insects Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: To better understand the feeding mechanism of Erthesina fullo, the fine structure of the mouthparts is examined with scanning electron microscopy, and feeding performance are observed directly under laboratory conditions for the first time. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host plant epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. Proceeding from labium towards the mandibular stylets, the movement pattern becomes increasingly stereotypical, including the sensilla on the tip of the labium probing, the labium making an elbow-like bend between the first and second segment, the base of the stylet fascicle housing in the groove of the labrum, the mandibular stylets penetrating the site and maxillary stylets feeding. The morphology of mouthparts is similar to those of other Heteroptera. The four-segmented labium has eleven types of sensilla. The mandibular stylet tips have two nodules preapically on the convex external surface. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the phytophagous feeding habit in this species. This study increases the available detailed morphological and behavioral data for Hemiptera and will potentially contribute to improving our understanding of this pest’s feeding behavior and sensory mechanisms. ABSTRACT: The yellow marmorated stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783), is a major pest of certain tree fruits in Northeast Asia. To better understand the feeding mechanism of E. fullo, the fine structure of the mouthparts, including the distribution and abundance of sensilla, are examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their functions are observed directly under laboratory conditions. The feeding performance is described in detail and illustrated for the first time. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host plant epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. Proceeding from labium towards the mandibular stylets, the movement pattern becomes increasingly stereotypical, including the sensilla on the tip of the labium probing, the labium making an elbow-like bend between the first and second segment, the base of the stylet fascicle housing in the groove of the labrum, the mandibular stylets penetrating the site and maxillary stylets feeding. In terms of morphology, the mouthparts are similar to those of other Heteroptera, consisting of a triangular pyramidal labrum, a tube-like and segmented labium with a deep groove on the anterior side, and a stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets. The four-segmented labium has five types of sensilla basiconica, three types of sensilla trichodea, two types of sensilla campaniformia and 1 type of sensilla coeloconica. Among them, sensilla trichodea one and sensilla basiconica one are most abundant. The tripartite apex of the labium is covered with abundant sensilla trichodea three and a few sensilla basiconica 5. The mandibular stylet tips have two nodules preapically on the dorsal margin of the convex external surface, which may help in penetrating plant tissue and anchoring the mouthparts. The externally smooth maxillary stylets interlock to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the phytophagous feeding habit in this species. Similarities and differences between the mouthparts of E. fullo and those of other Heteroptera are discussed. MDPI 2020-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC7469201/ /pubmed/32759849 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080503 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Wang, Yan
Dai, Wu
How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?
title How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?
title_full How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?
title_fullStr How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?
title_full_unstemmed How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?
title_short How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?
title_sort how does the intricate mouthpart apparatus coordinate for feeding in the hemimetabolous insect pest erthesina fullo?
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7469201/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32759849
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11080503
work_keys_str_mv AT wangyan howdoestheintricatemouthpartapparatuscoordinateforfeedinginthehemimetabolousinsectpesterthesinafullo
AT daiwu howdoestheintricatemouthpartapparatuscoordinateforfeedinginthehemimetabolousinsectpesterthesinafullo