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A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering

A range of bioreactors use linear actuators to apply tensile forces in vitro, but differences in their culture environments can limit a direct comparison between studies. The widespread availability of 3D printing now provides an opportunity to develop a ‘universal’ bioreactor chamber that, with min...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Janvier, Adam J, Canty-Laird, Elizabeth, Henstock, James R
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7469720/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944210
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420942462
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author Janvier, Adam J
Canty-Laird, Elizabeth
Henstock, James R
author_facet Janvier, Adam J
Canty-Laird, Elizabeth
Henstock, James R
author_sort Janvier, Adam J
collection PubMed
description A range of bioreactors use linear actuators to apply tensile forces in vitro, but differences in their culture environments can limit a direct comparison between studies. The widespread availability of 3D printing now provides an opportunity to develop a ‘universal’ bioreactor chamber that, with minimal exterior editing can be coupled to a wide range of commonly used linear actuator platforms, for example, the EBERS-TC3 and CellScale MCT6, resulting in a greater comparability between results and consistent testing of potential therapeutics. We designed a bioreactor chamber with six independent wells that was 3D printed in polylactic acid using an Ultimaker 2+ and waterproofed using a commercially available coating (XTC-3D), an oxirane resin. The cell culture wells were further coated with Sylgard-184 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to produce a low-adhesion well surface. With appropriate coating and washing steps, all materials were shown to be non-cytotoxic by lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the bioreactor was waterproof, sterilisable and reusable. Tissue-engineered tendons were generated from human mesenchymal stem cells in a fibrin hydrogel and responded to 5% cyclic strain (0.5 Hz, 5 h/day, 21 days) in the bioreactor by increased production of collagen-Iα1 and decreased production of collagen-IIIα1. Calcification of the extracellular matrix was observed in unstretched tendon controls indicating abnormal differentiation, while tendons cultured under cyclic strain did not calcify and exhibited a tenogenic phenotype. The ease of manufacturing this bioreactor chamber enables researchers to quickly and cheaply reproduce this culture environment for use with many existing bioreactor actuator platforms by downloading the editable CAD files from a public database and following the manufacturing steps we describe.
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spelling pubmed-74697202020-09-16 A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering Janvier, Adam J Canty-Laird, Elizabeth Henstock, James R J Tissue Eng Design and Manufacture of Tissue Engineered Products using Additive Manufacturing Techniques A range of bioreactors use linear actuators to apply tensile forces in vitro, but differences in their culture environments can limit a direct comparison between studies. The widespread availability of 3D printing now provides an opportunity to develop a ‘universal’ bioreactor chamber that, with minimal exterior editing can be coupled to a wide range of commonly used linear actuator platforms, for example, the EBERS-TC3 and CellScale MCT6, resulting in a greater comparability between results and consistent testing of potential therapeutics. We designed a bioreactor chamber with six independent wells that was 3D printed in polylactic acid using an Ultimaker 2+ and waterproofed using a commercially available coating (XTC-3D), an oxirane resin. The cell culture wells were further coated with Sylgard-184 polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to produce a low-adhesion well surface. With appropriate coating and washing steps, all materials were shown to be non-cytotoxic by lactate dehydrogenase assay, and the bioreactor was waterproof, sterilisable and reusable. Tissue-engineered tendons were generated from human mesenchymal stem cells in a fibrin hydrogel and responded to 5% cyclic strain (0.5 Hz, 5 h/day, 21 days) in the bioreactor by increased production of collagen-Iα1 and decreased production of collagen-IIIα1. Calcification of the extracellular matrix was observed in unstretched tendon controls indicating abnormal differentiation, while tendons cultured under cyclic strain did not calcify and exhibited a tenogenic phenotype. The ease of manufacturing this bioreactor chamber enables researchers to quickly and cheaply reproduce this culture environment for use with many existing bioreactor actuator platforms by downloading the editable CAD files from a public database and following the manufacturing steps we describe. SAGE Publications 2020-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC7469720/ /pubmed/32944210 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420942462 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Design and Manufacture of Tissue Engineered Products using Additive Manufacturing Techniques
Janvier, Adam J
Canty-Laird, Elizabeth
Henstock, James R
A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering
title A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering
title_full A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering
title_fullStr A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering
title_full_unstemmed A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering
title_short A universal multi-platform 3D printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering
title_sort universal multi-platform 3d printed bioreactor chamber for tendon tissue engineering
topic Design and Manufacture of Tissue Engineered Products using Additive Manufacturing Techniques
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7469720/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32944210
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420942462
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