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The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent predictor of death due to cardiovascular events and affects nearly 50% of the hypertensive and 25% of the normotensive population. Strong evidence indicates that reducing sodium (Na(+)) intake decreases blood pressure (BP...

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Autores principales: Elijovich, Fernando, Laffer, Cheryl L., Sahinoz, Melis, Pitzer, Ashley, Ferguson, Jane F., Kirabo, Annet
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer US 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7471100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01091-9
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author Elijovich, Fernando
Laffer, Cheryl L.
Sahinoz, Melis
Pitzer, Ashley
Ferguson, Jane F.
Kirabo, Annet
author_facet Elijovich, Fernando
Laffer, Cheryl L.
Sahinoz, Melis
Pitzer, Ashley
Ferguson, Jane F.
Kirabo, Annet
author_sort Elijovich, Fernando
collection PubMed
description PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent predictor of death due to cardiovascular events and affects nearly 50% of the hypertensive and 25% of the normotensive population. Strong evidence indicates that reducing sodium (Na(+)) intake decreases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular events. The precise mechanisms of how dietary Na(+) contributes to elevation and cardiovascular disease remain unclear. The goal of this review is to discuss mechanisms of salt-induced cardiovascular disease and how the microbiome may play a role. RECENT FINDINGS: The innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the genesis of salt-induced hypertension. Mice fed a high-salt diet exhibit increased inflammation with a marked increase in dendritic cell (DC) production of interleukin (IL)-6 and formation of isolevuglandins (IsoLG)-protein adducts, which drive interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-17A production by T cells. While prior studies have mainly focused on the brain, kidney, and vasculature as playing a role in salt-induced hypertension, the gut is the first and largest location for Na(+) absorption. Research from our group and others strongly suggests that the gut microbiome contributes to salt-induced inflammation and hypertension. SUMMARY: Recent studies suggest that alterations in the gut microbiome contribute to salt-induced hypertension. However, the contribution of the microbiome to SSBP and its underlying mechanisms are not known. Targeting the microbiota and the associated immune cell activation could conceivably provide the much-needed therapy for SSBP.
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spelling pubmed-74711002020-09-16 The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension Elijovich, Fernando Laffer, Cheryl L. Sahinoz, Melis Pitzer, Ashley Ferguson, Jane F. Kirabo, Annet Curr Hypertens Rep Gut Microbiome and Hypertension (J Ferguson, Section Editor) PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent predictor of death due to cardiovascular events and affects nearly 50% of the hypertensive and 25% of the normotensive population. Strong evidence indicates that reducing sodium (Na(+)) intake decreases blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular events. The precise mechanisms of how dietary Na(+) contributes to elevation and cardiovascular disease remain unclear. The goal of this review is to discuss mechanisms of salt-induced cardiovascular disease and how the microbiome may play a role. RECENT FINDINGS: The innate and adaptive immune systems are involved in the genesis of salt-induced hypertension. Mice fed a high-salt diet exhibit increased inflammation with a marked increase in dendritic cell (DC) production of interleukin (IL)-6 and formation of isolevuglandins (IsoLG)-protein adducts, which drive interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-17A production by T cells. While prior studies have mainly focused on the brain, kidney, and vasculature as playing a role in salt-induced hypertension, the gut is the first and largest location for Na(+) absorption. Research from our group and others strongly suggests that the gut microbiome contributes to salt-induced inflammation and hypertension. SUMMARY: Recent studies suggest that alterations in the gut microbiome contribute to salt-induced hypertension. However, the contribution of the microbiome to SSBP and its underlying mechanisms are not known. Targeting the microbiota and the associated immune cell activation could conceivably provide the much-needed therapy for SSBP. Springer US 2020-09-03 2020 /pmc/articles/PMC7471100/ /pubmed/32880753 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01091-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2020 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Gut Microbiome and Hypertension (J Ferguson, Section Editor)
Elijovich, Fernando
Laffer, Cheryl L.
Sahinoz, Melis
Pitzer, Ashley
Ferguson, Jane F.
Kirabo, Annet
The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
title The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
title_full The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
title_fullStr The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
title_full_unstemmed The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
title_short The Gut Microbiome, Inflammation, and Salt-Sensitive Hypertension
title_sort gut microbiome, inflammation, and salt-sensitive hypertension
topic Gut Microbiome and Hypertension (J Ferguson, Section Editor)
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7471100/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32880753
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-020-01091-9
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