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PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding

Friction welding is a popular process for joining metal and polymer work pieces by rubbing them against each other. This way, friction heat is generated in a zone of the faying surfaces, thinner than 1 mm. After cooling down, the heated surfaces establish a tight and strong bond. To improve this joi...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zou, Wei, Schomburg, Werner Karl
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472083/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32823991
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164565
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author Zou, Wei
Schomburg, Werner Karl
author_facet Zou, Wei
Schomburg, Werner Karl
author_sort Zou, Wei
collection PubMed
description Friction welding is a popular process for joining metal and polymer work pieces by rubbing them against each other. This way, friction heat is generated in a zone of the faying surfaces, thinner than 1 mm. After cooling down, the heated surfaces establish a tight and strong bond. To improve this joining process, a method is desirable allowing measuring generated temperature and shear stress in the zone between the joining work pieces. Unfortunately, this is a very difficult task because the welding zone cannot be accessed with a sensor without significantly altering the process and thereby the desired measurement results. This paper describes how shear stress and temperature change generated by rubbing polymer pieces in a friction welding machine have been measured between the faying surfaces by employing sensor foils from the piezoelectric and pyroelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). This way, heating and cooling rates, pressure rise of the pneumatic system, frequency rise of the starting machine, the duration of starting and stopping, the damping of the vibrations after the drive was stopped, and the stress generated by the pullback of the machine head have been measured. A careful characterization of the sensor was necessary to enable distinguishing the measured voltage due to straining, shearing and temperature change.
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spelling pubmed-74720832020-09-04 PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding Zou, Wei Schomburg, Werner Karl Sensors (Basel) Article Friction welding is a popular process for joining metal and polymer work pieces by rubbing them against each other. This way, friction heat is generated in a zone of the faying surfaces, thinner than 1 mm. After cooling down, the heated surfaces establish a tight and strong bond. To improve this joining process, a method is desirable allowing measuring generated temperature and shear stress in the zone between the joining work pieces. Unfortunately, this is a very difficult task because the welding zone cannot be accessed with a sensor without significantly altering the process and thereby the desired measurement results. This paper describes how shear stress and temperature change generated by rubbing polymer pieces in a friction welding machine have been measured between the faying surfaces by employing sensor foils from the piezoelectric and pyroelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). This way, heating and cooling rates, pressure rise of the pneumatic system, frequency rise of the starting machine, the duration of starting and stopping, the damping of the vibrations after the drive was stopped, and the stress generated by the pullback of the machine head have been measured. A careful characterization of the sensor was necessary to enable distinguishing the measured voltage due to straining, shearing and temperature change. MDPI 2020-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC7472083/ /pubmed/32823991 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164565 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Zou, Wei
Schomburg, Werner Karl
PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding
title PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding
title_full PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding
title_fullStr PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding
title_full_unstemmed PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding
title_short PVDF Sensor Foils Employed to Measure Shear Stress and Temperature of Friction Welding
title_sort pvdf sensor foils employed to measure shear stress and temperature of friction welding
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472083/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32823991
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164565
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