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Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications

Oleander is a spontaneous shrub widely occurring in Mediterranean regions. Poisoning is sporadically reported in livestock, mainly due to the ingestion of leaves containing toxic cardiac glycosides (primarily oleandrin). In this study, 50 lactating Fleckvieh cows were affected after being offered a...

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Autores principales: Ceci, Luigi, Girolami, Flavia, Capucchio, Maria Teresa, Colombino, Elena, Nebbia, Carlo, Gosetti, Fabio, Marengo, Emilio, Iarussi, Fabrizio, Carelli, Grazia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472096/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722138
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080471
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author Ceci, Luigi
Girolami, Flavia
Capucchio, Maria Teresa
Colombino, Elena
Nebbia, Carlo
Gosetti, Fabio
Marengo, Emilio
Iarussi, Fabrizio
Carelli, Grazia
author_facet Ceci, Luigi
Girolami, Flavia
Capucchio, Maria Teresa
Colombino, Elena
Nebbia, Carlo
Gosetti, Fabio
Marengo, Emilio
Iarussi, Fabrizio
Carelli, Grazia
author_sort Ceci, Luigi
collection PubMed
description Oleander is a spontaneous shrub widely occurring in Mediterranean regions. Poisoning is sporadically reported in livestock, mainly due to the ingestion of leaves containing toxic cardiac glycosides (primarily oleandrin). In this study, 50 lactating Fleckvieh cows were affected after being offered a diet containing dry oleander pruning wastes accidentally mixed with fodder. Clinical examination, electrocardiogram, and blood sampling were conducted. Dead animals were necropsied, and heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were submitted to histological investigation. Oleandrin detection was performed through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in blood, serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese samples. Severe depression, anorexia, ruminal atony, diarrhea, serous nasal discharge, tachycardia, and irregular heartbeat were the most common clinical signs. The first animal died within 48 h, and a total of 13 cows died in 4 days. Disseminated hyperemia and hemorrhages, multifocal coagulative necrosis of the cardiac muscle fibers, and severe and diffuse enteritis were suggestive of oleander poisoning. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of oleandrin in serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese. Our results confirm the high toxicity of oleander in cattle and report for the first time the transfer into milk and dairy products, suggesting a potential risk for the consumers.
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spelling pubmed-74720962020-09-04 Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications Ceci, Luigi Girolami, Flavia Capucchio, Maria Teresa Colombino, Elena Nebbia, Carlo Gosetti, Fabio Marengo, Emilio Iarussi, Fabrizio Carelli, Grazia Toxins (Basel) Article Oleander is a spontaneous shrub widely occurring in Mediterranean regions. Poisoning is sporadically reported in livestock, mainly due to the ingestion of leaves containing toxic cardiac glycosides (primarily oleandrin). In this study, 50 lactating Fleckvieh cows were affected after being offered a diet containing dry oleander pruning wastes accidentally mixed with fodder. Clinical examination, electrocardiogram, and blood sampling were conducted. Dead animals were necropsied, and heart, liver, kidney, spleen, and intestine were submitted to histological investigation. Oleandrin detection was performed through ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in blood, serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese samples. Severe depression, anorexia, ruminal atony, diarrhea, serous nasal discharge, tachycardia, and irregular heartbeat were the most common clinical signs. The first animal died within 48 h, and a total of 13 cows died in 4 days. Disseminated hyperemia and hemorrhages, multifocal coagulative necrosis of the cardiac muscle fibers, and severe and diffuse enteritis were suggestive of oleander poisoning. The diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of oleandrin in serum, liver, heart, milk, and cheese. Our results confirm the high toxicity of oleander in cattle and report for the first time the transfer into milk and dairy products, suggesting a potential risk for the consumers. MDPI 2020-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC7472096/ /pubmed/32722138 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080471 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Ceci, Luigi
Girolami, Flavia
Capucchio, Maria Teresa
Colombino, Elena
Nebbia, Carlo
Gosetti, Fabio
Marengo, Emilio
Iarussi, Fabrizio
Carelli, Grazia
Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications
title Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications
title_full Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications
title_fullStr Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications
title_full_unstemmed Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications
title_short Outbreak of Oleander (Nerium oleander) Poisoning in Dairy Cattle: Clinical and Food Safety Implications
title_sort outbreak of oleander (nerium oleander) poisoning in dairy cattle: clinical and food safety implications
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472096/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32722138
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins12080471
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