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One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials

We report a simple and versatile approach to assemble sensitive and selective fluorescence “turn-on” sensors for cyanide by combining three off-the-shelf materials; namely fluorescent dye, 1-vinyl imidazole polymer, and cupric chloride. The cyanide-sensing species is a non-fluorescent fluorophore-po...

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Autores principales: Fernandes, Gregory E., Chang, Ya-Wen, Sharma, Akash, Tutt, Sarah
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2020
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32796627
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164488
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author Fernandes, Gregory E.
Chang, Ya-Wen
Sharma, Akash
Tutt, Sarah
author_facet Fernandes, Gregory E.
Chang, Ya-Wen
Sharma, Akash
Tutt, Sarah
author_sort Fernandes, Gregory E.
collection PubMed
description We report a simple and versatile approach to assemble sensitive and selective fluorescence “turn-on” sensors for cyanide by combining three off-the-shelf materials; namely fluorescent dye, 1-vinyl imidazole polymer, and cupric chloride. The cyanide-sensing species is a non-fluorescent fluorophore-polymer-Cu(2+) complex; which forms as a result of the imidazole polymer’s ability to bind both fluorophore and fluorescence quencher (Cu(2+)). Cyanide removes Cu(2+) from these complexes; thereby “turning-on” sensor fluorescence. These sensors are water-soluble and have a detection limit of ~2.5 μM (CN(−)) in water. Our ternary complex-based sensing approach also enables facile emission tuning; we demonstrate the convenient, synthesis-free preparation of blue and green-emitting sensors using distyrylbiphenyl and fluorescein fluorophores, respectively. Furthermore; these ternary complexes are easily immobilized using agarose to create cyanide-sensing hydrogels; which are then used in a simple; novel microdiffusion apparatus to achieve interference-free cyanide analysis of aqueous media. The present study provides an inexpensive approach for portable; interference-free cyanide detection.
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spelling pubmed-74722912020-09-04 One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials Fernandes, Gregory E. Chang, Ya-Wen Sharma, Akash Tutt, Sarah Sensors (Basel) Article We report a simple and versatile approach to assemble sensitive and selective fluorescence “turn-on” sensors for cyanide by combining three off-the-shelf materials; namely fluorescent dye, 1-vinyl imidazole polymer, and cupric chloride. The cyanide-sensing species is a non-fluorescent fluorophore-polymer-Cu(2+) complex; which forms as a result of the imidazole polymer’s ability to bind both fluorophore and fluorescence quencher (Cu(2+)). Cyanide removes Cu(2+) from these complexes; thereby “turning-on” sensor fluorescence. These sensors are water-soluble and have a detection limit of ~2.5 μM (CN(−)) in water. Our ternary complex-based sensing approach also enables facile emission tuning; we demonstrate the convenient, synthesis-free preparation of blue and green-emitting sensors using distyrylbiphenyl and fluorescein fluorophores, respectively. Furthermore; these ternary complexes are easily immobilized using agarose to create cyanide-sensing hydrogels; which are then used in a simple; novel microdiffusion apparatus to achieve interference-free cyanide analysis of aqueous media. The present study provides an inexpensive approach for portable; interference-free cyanide detection. MDPI 2020-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC7472291/ /pubmed/32796627 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164488 Text en © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Fernandes, Gregory E.
Chang, Ya-Wen
Sharma, Akash
Tutt, Sarah
One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials
title One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials
title_full One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials
title_fullStr One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials
title_full_unstemmed One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials
title_short One-Step Assembly of Fluorescence-Based Cyanide Sensors from Inexpensive, Off-The-Shelf Materials
title_sort one-step assembly of fluorescence-based cyanide sensors from inexpensive, off-the-shelf materials
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7472291/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32796627
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164488
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